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军事技术的进步使人们产生“随机应变”的心态
Military readiness and adaptivity improving across the globe
全球军事准备和适应能力的提高
Readiness can mean different things to different nations, but every agency in every nation needs to know: “Are we ready?” Here's how Industry 4.0 technologies can help create that picture.
准备就绪对不同的国家意味着不同的事情，但每个国家的每个机构都需要知道：“我们准备好了吗？“以下是工业4.0技术如何帮助创造这种局面。
A category 5 typhoon is churning the Philippine Sea into towering 20-foot waves. On the bridge of his cutter, a Philippine coast guard captain needs to know which international ports within a few hours’ sail can accommodate his vessel and shelter it from the strong southeasterly winds.
一场5级台风正把菲律宾海搅成20英尺高的巨浪。一位菲律宾海岸警卫队的船长需要在几小时的航行中了解哪些国际港口可以容纳他的船只，并使其免受强烈的东南风的侵袭。
A Metropolitan Police sergeant is investigating a burglary in London. She has found a witness to the crime, but the witness only speaks Urdu. With the staff translator tied up on another case, questioning has been painfully slow. She knows many other officers speak Urdu, but she needs to know if there are any within two miles that are free to help right now; if it takes much longer, important leads will be lost.
伦敦警局的一名警官正在调查伦敦的一起入室盗窃案。她找到了犯罪的证人，但证人只会说乌尔都语。由于翻译工作人员被另一个案子缠住了，审问的速度非常缓慢。她知道许多其他警官会说乌尔都语，但她需要知道两英里内是否有人现在可以免费提供帮助；如果需要更长时间，重要线索将丢失。
A German tank commander looks over a field of Leopard 2 tanks. A major NATO training exercise is coming up, and over the course of the weeklong exercise, routine maintenance will be impossible. He needs to know which tanks are likely to fail during that period so they can be maintained in advance to ensure no breakdowns mar the training.
一位德国坦克指挥官在一片豹2坦克的空地上观察。北约的一次大型训练演习即将举行，在为期一周的演习中，日常维护将是不可能的。他需要知道哪些坦克在这段时间内可能会失效，以便能够提前维修，以确保在训练期间不会出现故障。
These three challenges may sound as different as the countries and the services involved, but they all revolve around a common need—the need to quickly know what capabilities exist to apply to problem. In each case, a leader needs information about an organization’s equipment, personnel, and infrastructure to understand if the organization can meet mission requirements. In a word, each leader is interested in “readiness.”
这三个挑战听起来可能与所涉及的国家和服务不同，但它们都围绕着一个共同的需要，即需要快速了解适用于问题的能力。在每种情况下，领导者都需要有关组织的设备、人员和基础设施的信息，以了解组织是否能够满足任务要求。一句话，每个领导都对“准备”感兴趣
With different sizes, budgets, missions, and equipment types, every nation’s military and national security organizations face different readiness challenges. But common to all is a need for accurate information about the organization in real time. Today, the technologies of Industry 4.0 can provide that information and allow any military anywhere in the world to meet its own unique readiness challenges.
由于规模、预算、任务和装备类型的不同，每个国家的军事和国家安全组织都面临着不同的战备挑战。但所有人都有一个共同点，那就是需要实时获得有关组织的准确信息。如今，工业4.0的技术可以提供这种信息，并使世界任何地方的任何军队都能应对其独特的战备挑战。
What is readiness?
什么是准备？
The term readiness means different things in different countries or even different organizations—ranging from rapid-response troops waiting on aircraft to dry graphs of maintenance statistics. Even the word “readiness” is not used in all countries, with other terms including “preparedness” and “adaptability.” But no matter the term, no matter the image, the heart of readiness remains the ability of an organization to execute its assigned mission promptly and capably.
“准备就绪”一词在不同的国家甚至不同的组织中意味着不同的事情，从等待飞机的快速反应部队到维修统计的干图表。即使“准备就绪”一词并非在所有国家都使用，其他术语包括“准备就绪”和“适应性”，但无论用什么术语，无论形象如何，准备就绪的核心仍然是一个组织迅速和有能力地执行其指定任务的能力。
Therefore, understanding readiness starts with understanding the basic capabilities of a force: its equipment, people, and infrastructure. Traditionally, the picture of those capabilities was developed through regular reporting on the status of smaller units, aggregated into a readiness picture at successively higher units. However, there are two fundamental problems with such reporting-based approaches to readiness: First, they are fundamentally backward-looking, providing a static picture of the unit’s status in the past when the report was made. Second, they typically provide leaders only with summary views. While many militaries are striving to become more data-driven and “net-centric” in tactical decisions, similar emphasis on data is lacking in institutional decisions. Without the raw data behind readiness summaries, it can be difficult for leaders to weigh alternatives and make informed decisions.
因此，了解战备状态首先要了解部队的基本能力：装备、人员和基础设施。传统上，这些能力的情况是通过定期报告较小部队的状态来发展的，这些状态汇总成连续较高部队的战备情况。然而，这种以报告为基础的战备方法有两个根本问题：第一，它们基本上是向后看的，提供了该股过去在报告提出时的静态情况。其次，它们通常只为领导者提供摘要视图。尽管许多军队正努力在战术决策中变得更为数据驱动和“以网络为中心”，但在机构决策中却缺乏对数据的类似重视。如果没有准备就绪摘要背后的原始数据，领导者很难权衡备选方案并做出明智的决策。
Different countries, different challenges
不同的国家，不同的挑战
While the readiness challenge of matching the right equipment, personnel, and infrastructure to the right mission is constant for every military/national security organization across the globe, the vast differences in size, funding, and mission types mean that this challenge can manifest itself in very different ways across countries. Exacerbating this problem is that each facet of readiness—from equipment to personnel to infrastructure—has its own complicating factors.
尽管全球每一个军事/国家安全组织都面临着将适当的设备、人员和基础设施与适当的任务相匹配的战备挑战，但规模、资金和任务类型的巨大差异意味着，这一挑战在各国的表现方式可能大不相同。加剧这一问题的是，从设备到人员再到基础设施，准备就绪的每一个方面都有其自身的复杂因素。
DI_Ready-anywhere.pdf
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