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未来工作的预期技能需求
Understanding the expectations of the European workforce
了解欧洲劳动力的期望
Artificial intelligence, robotics and other digital innovations are reshaping work with likely mixed effects. Employers and workers require the necessary digital and soft skills to take advantage of the new opportunities they are expected to face.
人工智能、机器人技术和其他数字创新正在重塑工作，可能会产生混合效应。雇主和工人需要必要的数字和软技能，以利用他们预计将面临的新机会。
Introduction: Skills in the future of work
简介：未来工作的技能
EMERGING technology is reshaping the world of work. Automation is revolutionizing business models, tools, tasks and delivery modes. Workers can already see the transformation happening, as artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and other digital innovations are being used increasingly in the workplace.1 The likely effects of automation are mixed. On the one hand, some jobs are at risk of being fully or partially automated and/ or replaced by robots and AI. On the other hand, these changes could increase efficiency and access to services. Employers and workers require the necessary digital and soft skills to take advantage of the new opportunities they are expected to face.2 However, almost half the population of the EU is considered as lacking basic digital skills3 and one-third of the European citizens reportedly have no or almost no digital skills at all.4 Approximately 40 per cent of employers are struggling to fill their job vacancies due largely to a lack of necessary skills, while 30 per cent of graduates are working in a job where the competences they acquired at university are not required.5 This skills gap could threaten the stability of the labour market as well as the ability of EU industry to innovate.
新兴技术正在重塑工作世界。自动化正在彻底改变商业模式、工具、任务和交付模式。随着人工智能（AI）、机器人技术和其他数字创新技术在工作场所的应用日益广泛，工人们已经可以看到这种转变的发生。1自动化可能产生的影响是多种多样的。一方面，有些工作有被机器人和人工智能完全或部分自动化和/或取代的风险。另一方面，这些变化可以提高效率和获得服务的机会。雇主和工人需要必要的数字和软技能，以利用他们预计将面临的新机会，几乎一半的欧盟人口被认为缺乏基本的数字技能，三分之一的欧洲公民根本没有或几乎没有数字技能。4的雇主在努力填补他们的职位空缺，主要是由于缺乏必要的技能，而30%的毕业生在工作。不需要他们在大学获得的能力的工作。5这种技能差距可能威胁到劳动力市场的稳定以及欧盟工业的创新能力。
The challenges of upskilling and reskilling could be imminent for many individuals, businesses and governments. The dignity, well-being and self-fulfilment of individuals as well as the prosperity of society could depend on it. Within this context, impactful public policies for workers’ inclusiveness are important. In this vein, the involvement of a wide range of stakeholders, including workers, companies, public authorities, education institutions, training providers and social partners6 can be crucial.
对于许多个人、企业和ZF来说，升级和重新杀戮的挑战可能迫在眉睫。个人的尊严、幸福和自我实现以及社会的繁荣都有赖于此。在这种背景下，有影响力的公共政策对于工人的包容性很重要。在这方面，包括工人、公司、公共当局、教育机构、培训提供者和社会伙伴6在内的广泛利益攸关方的参与至关重要。
The ‘future of skills’ receives considerable attention from governments around the world and stands high on the political agenda of many international organizations. As an example, the EU has adopted an overarching strategy – the New Skills Agenda7 – to tackle a wide range of skills-related challenges. Many of the tools contained in this initiative aim at empowering individuals to develop new skills or to exploit the skills they already have. Nevertheless, even with the most innovative policies in place and the mobilization of huge public resources,8 the success of any skills strategy depends heavily on the motivation of individuals and their decisions to take a step forward. Hence, it is of great importance for policymakers and other stakeholders to understand the impact of technological change from the perspective of workers in order to develop effective policy tools to create a future that works for all.
“技能的未来”受到世界各国ZF的高度关注，并在许多国际组织的政治议程上占据重要地位。例如，欧盟采取了一项总体战略——新技能机构7，以应对一系列与技能相关的挑战。这项倡议所载的许多工具旨在赋予个人发展新技能或利用其现有技能的能力。尽管如此，即使制定了最具创新性的政策和调动了大量公共资源，8任何技能战略的成功在很大程度上取决于个人的动力和他们向前迈出一步的决定。因此，政策制定者和其他利益相关者必须从工人的角度理解技术变革的影响，以便开发有效的政策工具，创造一个对所有人都有用的未来。
A number of academic studies already shed light on the potential changes in the labour force of the future. This article which presents the opinions of more than 15,000 workers across ten European countries, was designed to contribute to the overall debate by giving voice to the workers themselves and potentially bring them closer to policymakers.
一些学术研究已经揭示了未来劳动力的潜在变化。这篇文章介绍了10个欧洲国家超过15000名工人的意见，旨在通过让工人自己发表意见，并有可能使他们更接近决策者，为整个辩论做出贡献。
This paper provides insights on how the workers surveyed view the impact of new technologies on their work, how they perceive their own preparedness for automation and technological change, and which policy measures they expect from governments and others. Building on the analysis of workers’ attitudes, the paper concludes with a number of suggestions for further consideration at policy level to address the skills gap and its challenges.
本文就受访工人如何看待新技术对其工作的影响、他们如何看待自己对自动化和技术变革的准备以及他们期望ZF和其他方面采取哪些政策措施等问题提供了见解。在分析工人态度的基础上，本文最后提出了一些建议，供政策层面进一步考虑，以解决技能差距及其挑战。
DI_Expected-skills-needs-for-the-future-of-work.pdf
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