不加时间效应进入模型,epu 对研发的系数为负,加了时间之后,系数变为正了?请问双向效应模型的命令是否有错误。
这个是不加时间效应的命令 xi: xtreg rdsize epu lnsize roa lev sales cash ,fe
结果如下:
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 24,522
Group variable: code Number of groups = 3,247
R-sq: Obs per group:
within = 0.1506 min = 1
between = 0.2138 avg = 7.6
overall = 0.1605 max = 10
F(6,21269) = 628.45
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.1433 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
rdsize | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
epu | -.4934316 .0529132 -9.33 0.000 -.5971456 -.3897176
lnsize | -.3649082 .0127525 -28.61 0.000 -.3899041 -.3399123
roa | .0372685 .0013114 28.42 0.000 .034698 .039839
lev | .0028157 .0007347 3.83 0.000 .0013756 .0042558
sales | -.0021926 .0002573 -8.52 0.000 -.0026969 -.0016883
cash | -.1161553 .0055818 -20.81 0.000 -.127096 -.1052147
_cons | 10.83799 .3044212 35.60 0.000 10.2413 11.43468
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | 2.1187095
sigma_e | 1.037143
rho | .80669474 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0: F(3246, 21269) = 24.31 Prob > F = 0.0000
加了时间效应之后,我用了网上说的两种方法: 结果中2018.year omitted because of collinearity 是为什么喃?
①xi: xtreg rdsize epu lnsize roa lev sales cash i.year ,fe
i.year _Iyear_2009-2018 (naturally coded; _Iyear_2009 omitted)
note: _Iyear_2018 omitted because of collinearity
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 24,522
Group variable: code Number of groups = 3,247
R-sq: Obs per group:
within = 0.2065 min = 1
between = 0.2277 avg = 7.6
overall = 0.1909 max = 10
F(14,21261) = 395.14
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.0908 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
rdsize | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
epu | 63.18375 1.977152 31.96 0.000 59.30838 67.05912
lnsize | -.8083118 .018047 -44.79 0.000 -.8436854 -.7729383
roa | .0445924 .001284 34.73 0.000 .0420757 .0471092
lev | .0081527 .0007331 11.12 0.000 .0067158 .0095897
sales | -.0009397 .0002553 -3.68 0.000 -.00144 -.0004394
cash | -.0674782 .0056005 -12.05 0.000 -.0784557 -.0565008
_Iyear_2010 | -8.971166 .2642773 -33.95 0.000 -9.48917 -8.453163
_Iyear_2011 | -24.84355 .7618373 -32.61 0.000 -26.3368 -23.35029
_Iyear_2012 | -18.0447 .5617044 -32.12 0.000 -19.14568 -16.94372
_Iyear_2013 | -8.478204 .2661589 -31.85 0.000 -8.999896 -7.956513
_Iyear_2014 | 1.599782 .0561189 28.51 0.000 1.489784 1.709779
_Iyear_2015 | -14.53331 .4536675 -32.04 0.000 -15.42254 -13.64409
_Iyear_2016 | -15.50359 .4838607 -32.04 0.000 -16.452 -14.55519
_Iyear_2017 | -.6966199 .0321859 -21.64 0.000 -.7597067 -.633533
_Iyear_2018 | 0 (omitted)
_cons | -61.17829 2.304758 -26.54 0.000 -65.69579 -56.66079
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | 2.038495
sigma_e | 1.0026345
rho | .80520692 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0: F(3246, 21261) = 25.57 Prob > F = 0.0000
.
areg rdsize epu lnsize roa lev sales cash i.year ,absorb(code) r
note: 2018.year omitted because of collinearity
Linear regression, absorbing indicators Number of obs = 24,522
F( 14, 21261) = 187.76
Prob > F = 0.0000
R-squared = 0.8404
Adj R-squared = 0.8160
Root MSE = 1.0026
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
rdsize | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
epu | 63.18375 2.557863 24.70 0.000 58.17014 68.19736
lnsize | -.8083118 .0256693 -31.49 0.000 -.8586255 -.7579981
roa | .0445924 .0018693 23.86 0.000 .0409286 .0482563
lev | .0081527 .0008126 10.03 0.000 .0065599 .0097455
sales | -.0009397 .0003071 -3.06 0.002 -.0015417 -.0003376
cash | -.0674782 .0073285 -9.21 0.000 -.0818425 -.0531139
|
year |
2010 | -8.971166 .3346489 -26.81 0.000 -9.627103 -8.315229
2011 | -24.84355 .979795 -25.36 0.000 -26.76402 -22.92307
2012 | -18.0447 .7210361 -25.03 0.000 -19.45798 -16.63141
2013 | -8.478204 .3391764 -25.00 0.000 -9.143016 -7.813393
2014 | 1.599782 .0747286 21.41 0.000 1.453308 1.746255
2015 | -14.53331 .5823987 -24.95 0.000 -15.67486 -13.39177
2016 | -15.50359 .6224849 -24.91 0.000 -16.72371 -14.28347
2017 | -.6966199 .0350535 -19.87 0.000 -.7653273 -.6279124
2018 | 0 (omitted)
|
_cons | -61.17829 2.995661 -20.42 0.000 -67.05001 -55.30657
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
code | absorbed (3247 categories)
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