Risk Externalities, Wildfire Hazard, and Private Investment to Mitigate Wil...

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英文文献：Risk Externalities, Wildfire Hazard, and Private Investment to Mitigate Wildfire Risk in the Wildland-Urban Interface-风险外部性、野火风险与民间投资缓解城市与野外交界面野火风险
英文文献作者：Taylor, Michael H.,Christman, Laine,Rollins, Kimberly
英文文献摘要：
Homeowners in areas adjacent to wildlands – in the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) – can mitigate the risk that their home will be damaged in a wildfire by creating “defensible space” on their property. This article explores homeowners’ incentives to invest in defensible space using a unique data set on 35 WUI communities in Nevada. This is the first study to analyze homeowners’ incentives to invest in defensible space, comparing across both forested (alpine forest) and non-forested (sagebrush rangeland, pinyon pine and juniper woodland, grassland) communities. This article explores two explanations for perceived homeowner underinvestment in defensible space: (i) homeowners’ misjudging their wildfire risk and (ii) spatial interdependencies between neighbor’s defensible space investments due to risk externalities. We find no evidence to suggest that homeowners’ systematically misjudge their wildfire risk, though we do find evidence of strategic complementarities in defensible space investments due to risk externalities in certain communities, depending on predominant vegetation. Our results suggest that wildland fire policy to promote defensible space should focus on financial and regulatory barriers to investment in defensible space, rather than on educational programs, and that “tipping policies” to encourage early adopters to invest in defensible space may be appropriate in communities where the majority of homeowners have not invested in defensible space and whose predominant vegetation suggests the presence of strategic complementarities.

在荒地-城市交界(WUI)附近地区的房主可以通过在他们的财产上创造“可防御空间”来降低他们的房屋在野火中被破坏的风险。本文利用内华达州35个WUI社区的独特数据集，探讨了业主投资可防御空间的动机。这是第一个分析业主投资于可防御空间的动机的研究，比较了森林(高山森林)和非森林(山艾灌木牧场、松和刺柏林地、草地)社区。本文探讨了可防御空间投资不足的两种解释:(1)房主对其野火风险的错误判断;(2)由于风险外部性，邻居可防御空间投资之间存在空间依存关系。我们没有发现证据表明房主系统地误判了他们的野火风险，尽管我们确实发现证据表明，在某些社区，由于主要植被的风险外部性，在防御空间投资方面存在战略互补性。荒地防火政策来促进我们的研究结果表明,防御空间应该关注金融和监管壁垒防御空间的投资,而不是教育项目,“小费政策”,鼓励早期采用者投资防御空间可能是适当的在社区大部分业主还没有投入防御空间,其主要植被表明战略互补性的存在。

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