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英文文献：The Evolution of KIBS between Standardization and Customization: The Rise of Combinatory KIBS-从标准化到定制的知识产权的演变:组合知识产权的兴起
英文文献作者：Marco Bettiol,Eleonora Di Maria,Roberto Grandinetti
英文文献摘要：
Studies on service management have broadly discussed the relationship between customization and standardization in services. Studies on modularity have enriched the debate by identifying an additional form of service provision able to couple the advantages of these two alternative approaches. However, at the theoretical and empirical level little attention has been given to explore how service firms adopt standardization and modularity on the one hand, and whether they are able to combine different types of services in their offering, on the other hand. This question is particularly interesting in the domain of Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS). Literature on KIBS has stressed the high level of service customization KIBS can offer to their business customers, within a collaborative and interactive framework for innovation. However, scholars dedicated little attention on how KIBS develop their service offering and whether the customization is the only strategy they adopt. The aim of the paper is to explore the business service portfolio of KIBS to identify business service management strategies KIBS develop between bespoke services and standardization. Empirical analysis on about 500 Italian KIBS specializing in design and communication, ICT services and professional services show that there are KIBS providing fully standardized services and also the rise of combinatory KIBS able to mix bespoke and standard services with business characteristics similar to the other KIBS profiles.
服务管理的研究已经广泛地讨论了定制与服务标准化之间的关系。关于模块化的研究通过确定一种能够结合这两种替代方法的优点的额外服务提供形式丰富了辩论。然而，在理论和实证层面上，很少有人关注服务企业如何采用标准化和模块化，以及它们是否能够在其提供的服务中结合不同类型的服务。这个问题在知识密集型商业服务(KIBS)领域特别有趣。有关知识密集型服务业的文献强调，知识密集型服务业可以在一个协作和互动的创新框架内，为企业客户提供高水平的定制服务。然而，学者们对于KIBS如何发展他们的服务提供以及定制是否是他们唯一采用的策略的关注较少。本文的目的是探讨KIBS的业务服务组合，以确定KIBS在定制服务和标准化之间开发的业务服务管理策略。实证分析对500年意大利创新系统专业设计和沟通,ICT服务和专业服务表明,有国际化动因提供完全标准化的服务组合的崛起也国际化动因可以定制和标准的服务与业务特征类似于其他创新系统配置文件。
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