10币每篇求Elsevier2篇

（1）A pair-wise approach to testing for output and growth convergence
Journal of Econometrics
Volume 138, Issue 1, May 2007, Pages 312-355
URL : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2006.05.024

（2）On the non-convergence of energy intensities: Evidence from a pair-wise econometric approach
Ecological Economics
Volume 69, Issue 3, 15 January 2010, Pages 641-650
URL :http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.10.001

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[size=1.75em]A pair-wise approach to testing for output and growth convergence
M. Hashem Pesarana,
[size=1em]aFaculty of Economics, Cambridge University, Sidgwick Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 9DD, UK

[size=1em]
Available online 17 July 2006.



[size=1em][size=1em]AbstractThis paper proposes a pair-wise approach to testing for output convergence that considers all N(N-1)/2 possible pairs of log per-capita output gaps across N economies. A general probabilistic definition of output convergence is also proposed, which suggests that all such output gap pairs must be stationary with a constant mean. The approach is compatible with individual output series having unit roots, or other non-stationary common components and does not involve the choice of a reference country in computation of output gaps. It is also applicable when N is large relative to T (the time dimension of the panel). After providing some encouraging Monte Carlo evidence on the small sample properties of the pair-wise test, the test is applied to output series in the Penn World Tables over 1950–2000. Overall, the results do not support output convergence, and suggest that the findings of convergence clubs in the literature might be spurious. However, significant evidence of growth convergence is found, a result which is reasonably robust to the choice of the sample period and country groupings. Non-convergence of log per-capita outputs combined with growth convergence suggests that while common technological progress seems to have been diffusing reasonably widely across economies, there are nevertheless important country-specific factors that render output gaps highly persistent, such that we cannot be sure that the probability for the output gaps to lie within a fixed range will be non-zero.


[size=1em]Keywords: Economic growth; Panel data models; Common technological shocks; Convergence

[size=1em]JEL classification codes: C32; C33; D90; O47

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[size=1.75em]On the non-convergence of energy intensities: Evidence from a pair-wise econometric approach
Yannick Le Pena, , and Benoît Sévib, c,
[size=1em]a Université de Nantes (LEMNA), France
b Université d'Angers (GRANEM), Faculté de Droit, économie et Gestion, Université d'Angers, 13 allée François Mitterrand, BP 13633, 49036 Angers cedex 01, France
c LEMNA (Université de Nantes) and Bordeaux Management School (CEREBEM), France

[size=1em]Received 29 April 2009;  
[size=1em]revised 1 October 2009;  
[size=1em]accepted 2 October 2009.  
[size=1em]Available online 26 October 2009.



[size=1em][size=1em]AbstractThis paper evaluates the convergence of energy intensities for a group of 97 countries in the period 1971–2003. Convergence is tested using a recent method proposed by Pesaran (2007) [Pesaran, M.H., 2007. A pair-wise approach to testing for output and growth convergence. Journal of Econometrics 138, 312–355] based on the stochastic convergence criterion. An advantage of this method is that results do not depend on a benchmark against which convergence is assessed. It gives more robust results. Applications of several unit-root tests as well as a stationarity test uniformly reject the global convergence hypothesis. Locally, for Middle East, OECD and Europe sub-groups, non-convergence is less strongly rejected. The introduction of possible structural breaks in the analysis only marginally provides more support to the convergence hypothesis.


[size=1em]Keywords: Energy intensity; Pair-wise test; Unit-root test; Stationarity test; Structural break; Convergence

[size=1em]JEL classification codes: C32; O40; Q43; Q50

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