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英文文献：The Long Term Development of OECD Export Specialisation Patterns: De-specialisation and "Stickiness"-经合组织出口专业化模式的长期发展:去专业化与“粘性”
英文文献作者：Bent Dalum,Keld Laursen,Gert Villumsen
英文文献摘要：
The paper examines an issue related to the discussion of national specificity - whether the group of OECD countries are characterised by a high degree of stability of their export specialisation patterns at the country level or not. During a period of nearly three decades from 1965 to 1992, 20 OECD countries are examined. In addition we test whether the countries, have become more or less specialised in terms of trade specialisation in the period in question. In order to fulfill these aims we examine the sensitivity for, firstly; the level of aggregation, and secondly; the kind of statistical methodology applied. In this context we distinguish between specialisation (or de-specialisation) in trade patterns on the one hand, and divergence (or on the contrary convergence) in trade patterns on the other. A specialisation process refers to a process in which specialisation intra-country becomes more dispersed (and counter-wise for de-specialisation). On the contrary, a divergence process refers to a process in which countries become more different in terms of specialisation in a particular sector, across countries (and counter-wise for convergence). The results show that elements of 'stickiness' and incremental change are combined for what concerns the intra-country analysis. In addition there is a (however slow) tendency for countries to de-specialise in terms of exports. The sector-wise results display convergence both in terms of beta- and sigma -convergence.
该文件审查了与讨论国家特殊性有关的一个问题- -经合发组织国家集团的特点是其出口专门化模式在国家一级是否高度稳定。在1965年至1992年的近30年间，对20个经合组织国家进行了研究。此外，我们还测试了这些国家在上述时期是否在贸易专业化方面变得或多或少专业化。为了实现这些目标，我们首先考察了敏感性;综合水平，其次;所用的统计方法。在此背景下，我们一方面区分贸易模式中的专门化(或去专门化)，另一方面区分贸易模式中的差异(或相反的趋同)。专业化过程指的是一个过程，在这个过程中，国内的专业化变得更加分散(与去专业化相反)。相反，差异过程指的是这样一种过程，在这个过程中，各国在某一特定领域的专业化程度上变得更加不同，而在趋同方面则相反。结果表明，“粘性”和增量变化的要素被结合起来用于涉及的国内分析。此外，就出口而言，各国有一种(尽管缓慢)去专业化的趋势。部门方面的结果显示在贝塔和西格玛方面的收敛性。
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