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英文文献：Partners for the China Circle? The Asian Production Networks of Japanese Electronics Firms-中国圈的伙伴?日本电子公司的亚洲生产网络
英文文献作者：Dieter Ernst
英文文献摘要：
The focus of this paper is on the evolution of international production by Japanese electronics firms. In the first two parts, I trace the development of Japanese production networks in Asia through three different periods. Each of these periods reflects fundamentally different strategic rationales for engaging in Asian production activities and hence gives rise to very different incarnations of Japanese production networks. Part I deals with the period of domestic market orientation which lasted roughly until the early 1980s, and with the shift to export platform production which has gathered momentum especially after 1986. I show that Japanese production networks have started out with a loose, locally embedded structure during the period of domesticoriented production. This dramatically changed, once the focus shifted to export platform production, which has led to the establishment of highly centralized governance structures and very limited local roots. A new stage is reached in this zig-zag movement during the early 1990s. Part II deals with recent developments since 1991, the year of the “bursting of the bubble economy” in Japan. The pendulum now swings back again toward decentralization and local embeddedness. I analyze four sets of objectives that have guided this reorganization of Japanese Asian production networks: a regionalization of procurement; the penetration of Asia?s contested growth markets; attempts to harness the region?s improved capabilities, and a shift to more decentralized governance structures. Some possible implications for local capability formation are discussed in Part III. I first describe the regional specialization that is now beginning to emerge for Japanese production networks in Asia, with particular reference to the role of China. I conclude with a brief discussion of new opportunities and challenges that are likely to emerge for Taiwanese electronics firms. (to appear in: Barry Naughton (editor), The China Circle, The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C., 1997)
本文的重点是日本电子公司国际生产的演变。在前两部分，我通过三个不同的时期来追溯日本生产网络在亚洲的发展。这些时期中的每一个都反映了参与亚洲生产活动的根本不同的战略基础，因此也就产生了日本生产网络的非常不同的化身。第一部分讨论了大约持续到1980年代初的国内市场导向时期，以及特别是1986年以后向出口平台生产的转变。我的研究表明，日本的生产网络在本土化生产时期以一种松散的、嵌入本地的结构开始。这种情况发生了戏剧性的变化，一旦转移到出口平台生产，导致建立高度集中的治理结构和非常有限的地方根源。90年代初，这种曲折的发展进入了一个新阶段。第二部分论述了1991年以来日本经济“泡沫破裂”的最新发展。钟摆现在又摆回到去中心化和本地嵌入。我分析了指导日本亚洲生产网络重组的四组目标:采购区域化;对亚洲竞争激烈的增长型市场的渗透;试图利用该地区改进的能力，并向更加分散的治理结构转变。在第三部分中讨论了一些可能对局部能力形成的影响。我首先描述了现在日本在亚洲的生产网络开始出现的区域专业化，特别是关于中国的作用。最后，我简短地讨论台湾电子企业可能面临的新机遇和挑战。(出现在:巴里·诺顿(编辑)，《中国圈》，布鲁金斯学会，华盛顿特区，1997年)
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