五层交流双速电梯PLC电气控制系统的设计_自动化专业论文
发布时间：2015-01-22
来源：人大经济论坛
自动化专业论文范文
目 录
1 绪论 1
1．1 电梯的概述 1
1.1.1 电梯的分类 1
1.1.2 电梯的规格和型号 2
1．2 可编程控制器的概述 3
1．3 PLC在电梯系统中的应用 6
2 总体方案设计 7
2．1 电梯的机械系统 7
2．2 电梯的电气控制系统 8
2.2.1 电梯电气控制系统的主要电器部件 8
2.2.2 电梯电气控制系统的主要环节 9
2．3 总体方案的选择 13
3 系统的硬件设计 14
3．1 主电路及外围电路的设计 14
3．2主电路电机拖动系统电路原理 14
3．3门驱动直流电动机开关门控制电路原理 16
3．4 I/O接口分配及控制电路的设计 16
3．5 电梯主要设备的选型 18
3．6 元件名称代码对照表 19
3．7 PLC外部接线设计 20
4 系统的软件设计 22
4．1 电梯运行流程图 22
4．2 梯形图的设计 23
结论 34
致谢 35
参考文献 36
附录 37
摘 要
本文详细阐述了五层电梯自动运行程序的设计过程，在复杂的继电器控制系统中，故障的查找和排除是非常困难的，可能会花费大量的时间，严重影响系统的正常运行，为克服传统的继电器组成的系统触点多，故障率高，可靠性差和体积庞大等不足，采用PLC（可编程控制器）控制来实现电梯的自动控制。通过理论分析，PLC不仅能实现对开关量的逻辑控制，使用PLC后，还可以减少大量的中间继电器和时间继电器，大大简化了控制系统，提高了运行可靠性和自动化程度，PLC还具有完善的功能，通用性强，性价比高；无触点免配线，可靠性高，抗干扰能力强；体积小，能耗低等特点。基于PLC的这些优点，研究其在电梯中的应用是很有意义和价值的。为改善电梯运行时的舒适感，主驱动系统采用了交流双速双绕组电动机，通过逐级切除电阻或电抗的方法来实现电梯的调速。在电梯控制系统中，减速环节和平层停车环节用到了永磁感应器，提高了控制准确度。另外还设置了检修、消防功能，大大提高了电梯的安全性和实用性。在指令的登记环节中均设置了发光二极管作为指令记忆灯，并在电梯运行位置显示中采用数码管电子电路，使电梯具有更大的实用性。
关键词：交流双速电梯；PLC；控制系统
Abstract
This thesis particularly expatiate the design process of the five-lays elevator automatic circulation. In complicated relay control system, it is very difficult to find and remove malfunction. It may take a great of time and influence operation of systems. In order to overcome the disadvantages in traditional relay control systems, such as too many contacts, high rate of malfunction, bad reliability and large bulk, etc. We can adopt PLC (programmable logic controller for short)gather to choose system to carry out the automaion control of elevator. According to the analysis in theory, PLC not only can carry out logic of switch volume, but also has mathematics operation, data processing, movement control, analoy volume PLC control, communication in network and so on. For complicated control systems, using PLCcan decrease a lot of middle relays and time relays, simplify control circuit great, improve reliability of operation and degree of atomation, so it can be said that PLC can completely take place of relay control sysems. PLC also has many characteristics such as strong function, price and function compare high; none of contacts and need not to go together with lines, high reliability, strong ant-interference ability; small bulk, low consumption etc. For these advantages of PLC mentioned above, it is very meaningful and valuable to study it to apply on elevator control system. In order to improve the comfortable feeling in elevator operation, main drive system adopt AC double speed motor, and use the methord of cutting out resistor or inductor step by step to regulate elevator speed. In elevator control system, permanent-magent sensor is used in drop-speed and stop links, which can improve control precise degree. What’s more, the function of repair and fire control are set, and mchine and electric safe proect link of instruction register, light diode is set insuction pilot light, and make elevator have stronger practical function.
Key words: AC double speed elevator； PLC； Control system
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