自由回忆的两个阶段和三个阶段的第一直接证据 工作记忆容量的相应估计

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摘要翻译：
我发现在连续的自由回忆分布中可以直接看到两个阶段。这些分布表明，前3次回忆来自工作记忆的清空，6次及以上的回忆来自第二阶段，第4次和第5次回忆是两者的混合。当回忆从工作记忆的清空阶段（正斜率）转移到第二阶段（负斜率）时，回忆分布的线性斜率中存在一个不连续性，即一个四舍五入的阶跃函数。这种不连续性导致对工作记忆容量的初步估计为4～4.5项。工作记忆解释了最近效应。首位效应来自第二阶段，短列表（第一项）的工作记忆也有贡献。工作记忆和次级阶段的斜率不同，以及两者具有不同的功能形式，是形成U型序列位置曲线的原因。结果表明，总回忆是工作记忆内容与第二阶段回忆项目的线性组合，其中3.0～3.9个项目来自工作记忆，这是对工作记忆容量的第二次估计。第三，对工作记忆容量提出了单独的上限（3.06项），与工作记忆内容不能超过通话录音的要求相对应。这第三个限制大概对应于分块最少的项。这是对非分块工作记忆容量的最佳限制。
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英文标题：
《First direct evidence of two stages in free recall and three
  corresponding estimates of working memory capacity》
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作者：
Eugen Tarnow
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最新提交年份：
2016
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Biology        数量生物学
二级分类：Other Quantitative Biology        其他定量生物学
分类描述：Work in quantitative biology that does not fit into the other q-bio classifications
不适合其他q-bio分类的定量生物学工作
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英文摘要：
  I find that exactly two stages can be seen directly in sequential free recall distributions. These distributions show that the first three recalls come from the emptying of working memory, recalls 6 and above come from a second stage and the 4th and 5th recalls are mixtures of the two. A discontinuity, a rounded step function, is shown to exist in the fitted linear slope of the recall distributions as the recall shifts from the emptying of working memory (positive slope) to the second stage (negative slope). The discontinuity leads to a first estimate of the capacity of working memory at 4-4.5 items. Working memory accounts for the recency effect. The primacy effect comes from the second stage with a contribution also from working memory for short lists (the first item). The different slopes of the working memory and secondary stages, and that the two have different functional forms, accounts for the u-shaped serial position curve. The total recall is shown to be a linear combination of the content of working memory and items recalled in the second stage with 3.0-3.9 items coming from working memory, a second estimate of the capacity of working memory. A third, separate upper limit on the capacity of working memory is found (3.06 items), corresponding to the requirement that the content of working memory cannot exceed the total recall, item by item. This third limit presumably corresponds to the least chunked item. This is the best limit on the capacity of unchunked working memory.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.05685

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关键词：distribution Quantitative Contribution QUANTITATIV Requirement 估计 斜率 working 位置 功能