剪切粘度和玻色统计：λ点以上的毛细管流动

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摘要翻译：
在液氦4流过毛细管时，观察到剪切粘度逐渐下降到2.8K以下。毛细流动中剪切粘度的消失是耗散现象中超流动的一种表现，与非耗散现象中的超流动相比，其发生机制是一个微妙的问题。将线性响应理论应用于剪切粘滞系数的倒数，利用Kramers-Kronig关系将这两种超流动性联系起来。我们得到了一个用磁化率描述玻色统计量对运动剪切粘度影响的公式。与普通液体相比，高于λ点的液氦4的剪切粘度系数小1/1000倍。因此，尽管处于正常相，但在玻色统计的强烈影响下，它已经是一种反常液体。相干多体波函数增长到介于宏观和微观之间的中等大小，不是热涨落，而是热平衡态。我们从没有凝聚的玻色子出发，对其相对于排斥相互作用的磁化率作了微扰计算。我们研究了随着温度的降低，相干波函数的增长如何逐渐抑制剪切粘度，并最终导致λ点的无摩擦流动。
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英文标题：
《Shear viscosity and Bose statistics: Capillary flow above lambda point》
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作者：
Shun-ichiro Koh
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最新提交年份：
2007
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Superconductivity        超导电性
分类描述：Superconductivity: theory, models, experiment.  Superflow in helium
超导：理论，模型，实验。氦中超流
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Statistical Mechanics        统计力学
分类描述：Phase transitions, thermodynamics, field theory, non-equilibrium phenomena, renormalization group and scaling, integrable models, turbulence
相变，热力学，场论，非平衡现象，重整化群和标度，可积模型，湍流
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英文摘要：
  The gradual fall of the shear viscosity below 2.8K, observed in a liquid helium 4 flowing through a capillary, is examined. The disappearance of the shear viscosity in a capillary flow is a manifestation of superfluidity in dissipative phenomena, the onset mechanism of which is a subtle problem compared to that of superfluidity in non-dissipative phenomena. Applying the linear-response theory to the reciprocal of the shear viscosity coefficient, we relate these two types of superfluidity using the Kramers-Kronig relation. We obtain a formula describing the influence of Bose statistics on the kinematic shear viscosity in terms of the susceptibility. Compared to an ordinary liquid, a liquid helium 4 above the lambda point has a 1/1000 times smaller shear viscosity coefficient. Hence, although in the normal phase, it is already an anomalous liquid under the strong influence of Bose statistics. The coherent many-body wave function grows to an intermediate size between a macroscopic and a microscopic one, not as a thermal fluctuation but as a thermal equilibrium state. Beginning with bosons without the condensate, we make a perturbation calculation of its susceptibility with respect to the repulsive interaction. We examine how, with decreasing temperature, the growth of the coherent wave function gradually suppresses the shear viscosity, and finally leads to a frictionless flow at the lambda-point.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/707.1931

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关键词：毛细管 intermediate Perturbation coefficient equilibrium 应用 液氦 没有 影响 Bose