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摘要翻译：
活性物质一词描述了不同的系统，从宏观的（如鱼群和鸟群）到微观的（如迁移的细胞、运动的细菌和通过纳米级分子马达与细胞内的细胞骨架丝相互作用形成的凝胶）。这类系统通常可以理想化地收集单个单元，称为活性粒子或自推进粒子，它们从内部可补充的能量库或环境介质中获取能量，并将其转化为对环境进行的有用功，此外还将这种能量的一小部分转化为热能。这些单独的单元可以直接相互作用，也可以通过它们浸入的介质中传播的扰动相互作用。由于这些相互作用，活性粒子可以表现出显著的集体行为，包括新的动力学相之间的非平衡相变，违背中心极限定理的大涨落，以及对热涨落无序效应的鲁棒性。在本章中，在简要总结了可归类为活性物质实例的实验系统之后，我描述了这些系统建模的一些基本原理。
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英文标题：
《Active Matter》
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作者：
Gautam I. Menon (IMSc, Chennai)
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最新提交年份：
2010
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分类信息：
一级分类：Physics 物理学
二级分类：Soft Condensed Matter 软凝聚态物质
分类描述：Membranes, polymers, liquid crystals, glasses, colloids, granular matter
膜，聚合物，液晶，玻璃，胶体，颗粒物质
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一级分类：Physics 物理学
二级分类：Statistical Mechanics 统计力学
分类描述：Phase transitions, thermodynamics, field theory, non-equilibrium phenomena, renormalization group and scaling, integrable models, turbulence
相变，热力学，场论，非平衡现象，重整化群和标度，可积模型，湍流
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一级分类：Quantitative Biology 数量生物学
二级分类：Other Quantitative Biology 其他定量生物学
分类描述：Work in quantitative biology that does not fit into the other q-bio classifications
不适合其他q-bio分类的定量生物学工作
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英文摘要：
The term active matter describes diverse systems, spanning macroscopic (e.g. shoals of fish and flocks of birds) to microscopic scales (e.g. migrating cells, motile bacteria and gels formed through the interaction of nanoscale molecular motors with cytoskeletal filaments within cells). Such systems are often idealizable in terms of collections of individual units, referred to as active particles or self-propelled particles, which take energy from an internal replenishable energy depot or ambient medium and transduce it into useful work performed on the environment, in addition to dissipating a fraction of this energy into heat. These individual units may interact both directly as well as through disturbances propagated via the medium in which they are immersed. Active particles can exhibit remarkable collective behaviour as a consequence of these interactions, including non-equilibrium phase transitions between novel dynamical phases, large fluctuations violating expectations from the central limit theorem and substantial robustness against the disordering effects of thermal fluctuations. In this chapter, following a brief summary of experimental systems which may be classified as examples of active matter, I describe some of the principles which underlie the modeling of such systems.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1003.2032
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