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摘要翻译：
近年来，英国国民健康服务体系(NHS)在独立医疗保健治疗上的支出有所增加，并预计随着人口增长的预测，将保持上升趋势。一些人认为，这种增加不是为了扩大患者的选择，而是为了将公共医疗保健私有化。这场辩论提出了一个社会困境，即国民保健制度是否应该停止与私人提供者合作。本文通过研究公共医疗保健提供者、私人医疗保健提供者和患者三个群体之间合作的演化，为医疗保健经济建模做出贡献。通过扩大患者的治疗选择，患者群体作为决策过程中的主要参与者被包括在内。我们开发了一个通用的基本模型，根据给定的参数来衡量医疗保健提供的成本，如国民保健服务和私人医疗保健提供者在这两个部门的投资成本、治疗成本和获得的收益。一个病人昂贵的惩罚被引入作为一种机制来加强三个群体之间的合作。我们的发现表明，对叛逃的提供者引入惩罚（病人惩罚）可以改善合作。虽然惩罚增加了合作，但考虑到与基本模式相比合作的改善很小，惩罚成本非常高。
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英文标题：
《Pathways to Good Healthcare Services and Patient Satisfaction: An
Evolutionary Game Theoretical Approach》
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作者：
Zainab Alalawi, The Anh Han, Yifeng Zeng and Aiman Elragig
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最新提交年份：
2019
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分类信息：
一级分类：Physics 物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society 物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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一级分类：Computer Science 计算机科学
二级分类：Computer Science and Game Theory 计算机科学与博弈论
分类描述：Covers all theoretical and applied aspects at the intersection of computer science and game theory, including work in mechanism design, learning in games (which may overlap with Learning), foundations of agent modeling in games (which may overlap with Multiagent systems), coordination, specification and formal methods for non-cooperative computational environments. The area also deals with applications of game theory to areas such as electronic commerce.
涵盖计算机科学和博弈论交叉的所有理论和应用方面，包括机制设计的工作，游戏中的学习（可能与学习重叠），游戏中的agent建模的基础（可能与多agent系统重叠），非合作计算环境的协调、规范和形式化方法。该领域还涉及博弈论在电子商务等领域的应用。
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一级分类：Computer Science 计算机科学
二级分类：Multiagent Systems 多智能体系统
分类描述：Covers multiagent systems, distributed artificial intelligence, intelligent agents, coordinated interactions. and practical applications. Roughly covers ACM Subject Class I.2.11.
涵盖多Agent系统、分布式人工智能、智能Agent、协调交互。和实际应用。大致涵盖ACM科目I.2.11类。
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一级分类：Economics 经济学
二级分类：Theoretical Economics 理论经济学
分类描述：Includes theoretical contributions to Contract Theory, Decision Theory, Game Theory, General Equilibrium, Growth, Learning and Evolution, Macroeconomics, Market and Mechanism Design, and Social Choice.
包括对契约理论、决策理论、博弈论、一般均衡、增长、学习与进化、宏观经济学、市场与机制设计、社会选择的理论贡献。
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一级分类：Mathematics 数学
二级分类：Dynamical Systems 动力系统
分类描述：Dynamics of differential equations and flows, mechanics, classical few-body problems, iterations, complex dynamics, delayed differential equations
微分方程和流动的动力学，力学，经典的少体问题，迭代，复杂动力学，延迟微分方程
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英文摘要：
Spending by the UK's National Health Service (NHS) on independent healthcare treatment has been increased in recent years and is predicted to sustain its upward trend with the forecast of population growth. Some have viewed this increase as an attempt not to expand the patients' choices but to privatize public healthcare. This debate poses a social dilemma whether the NHS should stop cooperating with Private providers. This paper contributes to healthcare economic modelling by investigating the evolution of cooperation among three proposed populations: Public Healthcare Providers, Private Healthcare Providers and Patients. The Patient population is included as a main player in the decision-making process by expanding patient's choices of treatment. We develop a generic basic model that measures the cost of healthcare provision based on given parameters, such as NHS and private healthcare providers' cost of investments in both sectors, cost of treatments and gained benefits. A patient's costly punishment is introduced as a mechanism to enhance cooperation among the three populations. Our findings show that cooperation can be improved with the introduction of punishment (patient's punishment) against defecting providers. Although punishment increases cooperation, it is very costly considering the small improvement in cooperation in comparison to the basic model.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.07132
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