按需移动中动态定价引起的异常供给短缺

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摘要翻译：
动态定价方案越来越多地被应用于各个行业，以保持自组织的供需平衡。然而，在整个复杂的动力系统中，存在着可能损害其功能的非预期的集体状态。在这里，我们揭示了动态定价是如何导致而不是防止供需失衡的。结合博弈论和对按需打车服务动态定价数据的时间序列分析，我们解释了这一明显的矛盾。我们导出了一个相图，说明了动态定价如何以及在何种条件下激励打车司机的集体行动，从而导致异常的供应短缺。通过对全球137个地点的打车服务价格时间序列的不同时间尺度进行分解，我们发现了反映这些异常供应短缺的价格动态的特征模式。我们的结果通过揭示动态定价方案在何种条件下促进异常供应短缺，为动态定价的监管提供了系统的见解，特别是在公共可访问的移动系统中。
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英文标题：
《Anomalous supply shortages from dynamic pricing in on-demand mobility》
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作者：
Malte Schr\"oder, David-Maximilian Storch, Philip Marszal, Marc Timme
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最新提交年份：
2020
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society        物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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一级分类：Economics        经济学
二级分类：Econometrics        计量经济学
分类描述：Econometric Theory, Micro-Econometrics, Macro-Econometrics, Empirical Content of Economic Relations discovered via New Methods, Methodological Aspects of the Application of Statistical Inference to Economic Data.
计量经济学理论，微观计量经济学，宏观计量经济学，通过新方法发现的经济关系的实证内容，统计推论应用于经济数据的方法论方面。
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英文摘要：
  Dynamic pricing schemes are increasingly employed across industries to maintain a self-organized balance of demand and supply. However, throughout complex dynamical systems, unintended collective states exist that may compromise their function. Here we reveal how dynamic pricing may induce demand-supply imbalances instead of preventing them. Combining game theory and time series analysis of dynamic pricing data from on-demand ride-hailing services, we explain this apparent contradiction. We derive a phase diagram demonstrating how and under which conditions dynamic pricing incentivizes collective action of ride-hailing drivers to induce anomalous supply shortages. By disentangling different timescales in price time series of ride-hailing services at 137 locations across the globe, we identify characteristic patterns in the price dynamics reflecting these anomalous supply shortages. Our results provide systemic insights for the regulation of dynamic pricing, in particular in publicly accessible mobility systems, by unraveling under which conditions dynamic pricing schemes promote anomalous supply shortages.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07736

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关键词：econometrics Quantitative Increasingly Econometric Time Series 功能 anomalous 序列 异常 数据