为什么德国、法国等采取专门贸易体系

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总贸易体系(General Trade)又称一般贸易体系，是以货物通过国境作为统计对外贸易的标准。凡是进入本国国境的货物一律记为进口，称为“总进口”(General Import)；凡是离开本国国境的货物一律计为出口，称为“总出口”(General Export
专门贸易体系(Special Trade System) 又称为特殊贸易体系，是指以关境作为划分和统计进出口的标准
　　凡是通过海关结关进入境内的货物计入进口贸易
　　凡是通过办理海关手续出口的货物计入出口贸易

由于各国在编制系统时采用的方法不同，所以联合国发表的各国对外贸易额资料，一般均注明是按何种贸易体制编制的。目前采用总贸易体系的约有90个国家和地区，包括日本、英国、加拿大、美国、澳大利亚等；采用专门贸易体系约有83个国家和地区，包括德国、意大利、法国等。我国采用的是总贸易体系。
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德国、意大利、法国等的关境大于国境，为什么还用专门贸易体系呢？如果按关境算，应该是整个欧盟的呀。

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关键词：General Special export import System 联合国 General 贸易额 德国 法国

正因为它们的关境大于国境，采用专门贸易体系可以增加它们的关税啊。

xujian0757 发表于 2011-8-30 12:27
正因为它们的关境大于国境，采用专门贸易体系可以增加它们的关税啊。

有什么依据呀，比如德国，怎么增加关税呀，难道把意大利收的关税也要上吗？

小弟认为 如果出口德国的商品经由意大利海关的话 德国应该可以取得一部分税收（关税同盟会使它们按一定的比例分享税收收入） 当然大部分时候会直接经由德国海关

xujian0757 发表于 2011-8-30 21:17
小弟认为 如果出口德国的商品经由意大利海关的话 德国应该可以取得一部分税收（关税同盟会使它们按一定的比 ...

你这个指的是过境问题了，如果从意大利过境，肯定是要交点钱的呀。与专门贸易体系没有什么关系呀

qgmyysj 发表于 2011-8-30 21:26
你这个指的是过境问题了，如果从意大利过境，肯定是要交点钱的呀。与专门贸易体系没有什么关系呀

呵呵 老师不用这么纠结 也许这只是这些国家的惯例 并不是为了什么具体原因

Special trade system
The special trade system is in use when the statistical territory comprises only a particular part of the economic territory, so that certain flows of goods which are in IMTS2010 scope are not included in either import or export statistics of the compiling country. Countries may apply various definitions of special trade. Traditionally the strict and the relaxed definitions of the special trade are differentiated.

The strict definition of the special trade system is in use when the statistical territory comprises only the free circulation area, that is, the part within which goods "may be disposed of without customs restriction" (see Annex B). Consequently, in such a case, imports include only goods entering the free circulation area of a compiling country and exports include only goods leaving the free circulation area of a compiling country. Under the strict definition, goods imported for inward processing and goods which enter or leave an industrial or commercial free zone or customs warehouses would not be recorded since they would not have been cleared
through customs for home use. The compensating products after inward processing also would not be included in exports.

The relaxed definition of the special trade system is in use when (a) goods that enter a country for or leave it after inward processing and (b) goods that enter or leave an industrial free zone are also recorded and included in international merchandise trade statistics.

GENERAL TRADE SYSTEM


  

  
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Definition:
The general trade system is in use when the statistical territory of a country coincides with its economic territory. Consequently, under the general trade system, imports include all goods entering the economic territory of a compiling country and exports all goods leaving the economic territory of a compiling country.  

Source Publication:
International Merchandise Trade Statistics, Concepts and Definitions, United Nations, New York, 1998, Studies in Methods, Series M, No. 52, Rev. 2, page 9, para. 66.  

SPECIAL TRADE � UN


  

  
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Definition:
The special trade system is in use when the statistical territory comprises only a particular part of the economic territory.  

Source Publication:
International Merchandise Trade Statistics, Concepts and Definitions, United Nations, New York, 1998, Studies in Methods, Series M, No. 52, Rev. 2, page 9, para. 67.  

ECONOMIC TERRITORY (OF A COUNTRY) � SNA


  

  
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French Equivalent: Territoire 閏onomique (d抲n pays) � SCN/NU

Definition:
The economic territory of a country consists of the geographic territory administered by a government within which persons, goods, and capital circulate freely.

It includes: (a) the airspace, territorial waters, and continental shelf lying in international waters over which the country enjoys exclusive rights or over which it has, or claims to have, jurisdiction in respect of the right to fish or to exploit fuels or minerals below the sea bed; (b) territorial enclaves in the rest of the world; and (c) any free zones, or bonded warehouses or factories operated by offshore enterprises under customs control (these form part of the economic territory of the country in which they are physically located).  
Source Publication:
SNA 14.9 and International Merchandise Trade Statistics, Concepts and Definitions, United Nations, New York, 1998, Studies in Methods, Series M, No. 52, Rev. 2, page 27, para. 3.