20111006 Follow Me 150---Learning wisdom from the animal kingdom---------

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The queen  ant  establishing  adominant  position  on  infighting

         Leptothorax  acervorum (细胸蚁属一种蚂蚁)ants live all over the Northern hemisphere, but their reproductive strategy depends on habitat. Colonies are polygynous（一夫多妻的） (more than one queen) in the forest of Siberia and central Europe, but functionally monogynous (only one queen reproduces) on sun-exposed slopes in Alaska, Hokkaido and the mountains of central Spain. New research published in BioMed Central's open access journal BMC Ecology demonstrates that when a colony is functionally monogynous not only do queen ants fight by antennal（触角的） boxing to become the reproductive queen, but that worker ants reinforce queen behaviour by feeding dominant females and expelling, or killing, their weaker sisters.

        

          Researchers from University of Regensburg studied the behaviour of L. acervorum in Spain. In these colonies only a single queen was able to reproduce. All the other queens either did not yet have active ovaries, or their ovaries had reverted to an inactive state. The ants were observed fighting, both queen to queen, and worker ants to queens. However the inter-queen fighting involved ritualistic（仪式的） antennal boxing and mandible threats, while the workers were more vicious, and also pulled and bit low ranking queens.

          The top queen was decided by the infighting（混战） between the queens. However queen reproductive status was not predicted by worker ants' violence but rather was reinforced by the workers feeding and grooming the more dominant queens.

          Juergen Trettin, the lead scientists involved in the research said: "These ants live high on mountain slopes -- which makes dispersal and colony formation difficult. Under these circumstances the colony cannot support more than one reproductive queen and limited resources make it inadvantageous for the colony to allow low ranking queens to leave and start their own colonies. Destruction of habitat, for instance due to climate change, may cause this behaviour to become extinct."

      

      我想这几期的内容都比较难，大家疲惫归来，选了简单、休闲的阅读材料，希望诸位轻松点，尽快调整身心，呵呵,选的不好，见谅哦

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关键词：Learning earning KINGDOM Wisdom follow animal

是该上绳子了。

是该上绳子了。

Stay Hungry , Stay Foolish ！

A funny thing~

Surroundings changes a man
假期归来，继续奋斗！

People can learn a lot from the animal world!

a funny article. good job.
the holiday is over,we should continue to study or work. stay hungry ,stay foolish.

It is not an easy thing to be the top queen. First, she should be strong enough to fight for the position; Second, she should get the support from worker ants; Third, she should be cruel enough to tolerate the infighting in the ants' family and to kill her sisters; Last but not the least, she should undertake the heavy task of producing offsprings.
And what about the other lower position queens? They dream of becoming the reproductive queen and make every effort to do so, but their devotions are not accepted by their brothers and sisters, and are  finally killed by their siblings.
The worker ants work hard. They fight for others and feed the queen, but surely they will never have the right to reproduce. And their position is the lowest in the family. They are destined to sacrifice and live for others. But in some degree, they can save their lives, because they won't be attacked in chasing for the reproducing rights.
The sparrow may be small, but it has all the vital organs - small but complete.

    The article is easy and funny.The holiday is end.In the holiday,I have gone to Yuanmingyuan,Summer Palace,the Great Wall,Fragrance Hill and the Temple of Heaven.(Because this is my first year in BJ.)Now it is the time to learn.