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英文文献：Trade Shocks, Taxes, and Inequality-贸易冲击、税收和不平等
英文文献作者：Douglas L. Campbell,Lester Lusher
英文文献摘要：
We study the impact of trade shocks on inequality using newly constructed micro and macro data. First, we use the Current Population Survey’s (CPS) Merged Outgoing Rotation Group (MORG) from 1979 to 2010 combined with new annual measures of imported inputs, a proxy for offshoring. We find that in periods when US relative prices are high, and imports surge relative to exports, workers in sectors with greater initial exposure to international trade were more likely to be unemployed a year later, but did not experience significant declines in wages conditional on being employed. Contrary to the usual narrative, we find negative wage effects for higher-wage, but not lower-wage workers, particularly for those who are less-educated. Second, sectors most exposed to trade shocks do not experience relative increases in inequality. Third, using aggregate international data for 31 countries, we find that various trade shocks, such as increases in trade with China, are not generally correlated with changes in the income distribution. Instead, using new historical data, we confirm a close connection between top marginal tax rates and top income shares, and find that the level of top marginal tax rates impacts changes in the top 1% share of income, implying that top income shares are a function of historical marginal tax rates.
我们利用新构建的微观和宏观数据研究了贸易冲击对不平等的影响。首先，我们使用了从1979年到2010年的当前人口调查(CPS)合并的离职轮换组(MORG)，结合了新的进口投入的年度指标，这是离岸外包的代理。我们发现，在美国相对价格较高、进口相对于出口大幅增长的时期，在最初与国际贸易有较大接触的行业，工人更有可能在一年后失业，但在有工作的情况下，工资不会大幅下降。与通常的说法相反，我们发现工资对高工资的工人有负面影响，但对低工资的工人没有影响，特别是对那些受教育程度较低的人。其次，受贸易冲击影响最大的行业，不平等程度并没有相对增加。第三，使用31个国家的综合国际数据，我们发现，各种贸易冲击，如与中国的贸易增长，一般不与收入分配的变化相关。相反,使用新的历史数据,我们确认最高边际税率之间的紧密联系和最高收入的股票,并发现水平的最高边际税率的变化影响收入最高的1%的市场份额,这意味着最高收入的股票历史边际税率的函数。
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