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- Whether the benefits of the asset can be reliably measured.
- 财务报表分析解读_资产类_有形资产_无形资产_行业研究报告_最佳分析师_金多多教育出品
The DNA interact with each other and will combine in order to produce a full set of financials. However, before any interaction can be analysed the fragments must be examined.
Assets
An asset is a store of future benefit that is controlled by an entity.
They can be tangible, that is assets that have a physical substance. Or they can be intangible, in that they lack physical substance.
Examples of tangible and intangible assets could be:
Tangible assets | Intangible assets |
Plant, property and equipment(PPE) | Goodwill |
Investments in joint ventures | Brands |
Investment in associates | Licences |
Inventories | |
Receivables | Software |
Cash |
|
It is worth noting that not all the assets of an entity will be recognised in the financial statements. The term 'recognised' is accounting terminology 'to place an item onto the financial statements'. The key considerations when attempting to determine recognition will be:
Assessing whether the control of the asset does actually rest with the entity and
Recognition issues are often clear cut. For example, an entity makes some sales on credit to a customer.
The customer owes the entity money. Normally, this is treated as an asset as the entity has the future benefit that the cash will flow into the business when the customer settles their outstanding account. The future cash flow receipt is relatively easy to measure-- it is the outstanding amount owed. The outstanding amount is the asset.
Issues will arise when the assessment of where control of the asset becomes blurred or the measurement of the benefits becomes too subjective.
Extending the above example, the entity making the credit sales then decides to sell the amount it is owed to a third party agency and the third party takes on the collection of the outstanding amount. Depending on the terms of the agreement the entity may continue to recognise the asset on tis financial statements or it may be forced to remove or de-recognise the asset. The decision will take into account issues such as which party is exposed to the risks and rewards of the asset. The decision can very quickly become difficult as the issues get blurred.
Analysts should have an awareness of these issues but ultimately when the lines are blurred the bank will seek professional advice.
2012/5/28 23:23
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