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英文文献：Headlights on tobacco road to low birthweight outcomes - Evidence from a battery of quantile regression estimators and a heterogeneous panelCreation-Date: 20080508-烟草路的车头灯到低出生体重的结果-来自一组分位数回归估计和异质面板创建的证据-日期:20080508
英文文献作者：Stefan Holst Bache,Christian M. Dahl,Johannes Tang
英文文献摘要：
Low birthweight outcomes are associated with large social and economic costs, and therefore the possible determinants of low birthweight are of great interest. One such determinant which has received considerable attention is maternal smoking. From an economic perspective this is in part due to the possibility that smoking habits can be influenced through policy conduct. It is widely believed that maternal smoking reduces birthweight; however, the crucial diffculty in estimating such effects is the unobserved heterogeneity among mothers and the fact that estimation of conditional mean effects seems inappropriate. Previous results, both in the medical and economic literature, suggest significant consequences for birthweight of prenatal smoking, yet the applied statistical approaches differ — a fact which does have an impact on the suggested magnitudes of the effects. The present paper provides a unified view on the estimation of relationships between prenatal smoking and birthweight outcomes with focus on quantile regression approaches. The estimations are based on a very detailed and extensive data set, and model performance is evaluated by means of Monte Carlo simulation. We thus contribute to the literature in three ways: i) we focus not only on one technique, but provide evidence from several approaches and highlight a variety of statistical issues; ii) the performance of the models are thoroughly tested in a simulated environment, and recommendations are given regarding the appropriateness of the individual models; iii) the results are based on a detailed data set, which includes many relevant control variables for socio-economic, wealth, and personal characteristics.
低出生体重的结果与巨大的社会和经济成本有关，因此，低出生体重的可能决定因素是非常有趣的。其中一个受到相当关注的决定因素是母亲吸烟。从经济角度来看，部分原因是吸烟习惯可能会受到政策行为的影响。人们普遍认为，母亲吸烟会降低出生体重;然而，估计这些影响的关键困难是未观察到的母亲间的异质性和估计条件平均效应似乎不合适的事实。在医学和经济学文献中，先前的研究结果表明，产前吸烟会对出生体重产生重大影响，但应用的统计方法有所不同——这一事实确实会对所建议的影响程度产生影响。本文提供了一个统一的观点，估计产前吸烟和出生体重结果之间的关系，重点是分位数回归方法。估计是基于一个非常详细和广泛的数据集，并通过蒙特卡罗模拟评估模型的性能。因此，我们以三种方式对文献做出贡献:一)我们不仅关注一种技术，而且提供来自几种方法的证据，并突出各种统计问题;ii)在模拟环境中全面测试各模型的表现，并就各模型的适当性提出建议;iii)研究结果基于一个详细的数据集，其中包括许多有关社会经济、财富和个人特征的控制变量。
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