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英文文献：Working Paper 101 - The Global Financial Crisis and Domestic Resource Mobilization in Africa-工作文件101 -全球金融危机和非洲国内资源调动
英文文献作者：Ernest Aryeete
英文文献摘要：
As access to foreign resources has becomeincreasingly difficult, in the wake of the globalfinancial crisis, the use of domestic resourcesfor development purposes is becoming moreand more important. Ironically, however, thereare possibilities of the financial crisis also affectingthe mobilization of domestic resources. Theglobal financial crisis affected the capacity ofthe public sector to mobilize tax revenues. Theintroduction of such new taxes as VAT, the rationalizationof trade tariffs, the strengthening oftax offices, the reform of incentive structures,reduction and removal of subsidies have thepotential to improve domestic resource mobilization.Another significant challenge that African countriesface is how to strengthen their financialsystems in order to make them deliver thenecessary financial resources to be used forboosting investments and facilitate employmentcreation. Reforms in this area will enhance thepolicy environment for financial institutions andprovide incentives for them to become morecompetitive. Despite the effort, studies of financialsystems performance in most African countriesover the last two decades have often suggestedthat the reforms have generally had limitedsuccess in effectively mobilizing domesticresources and channeling these into productiveinvestments.While the African financial sector remains marginallyintegrated in global financial market, it isgenerally true that in knowing that they couldborrow from international markets to supplementwhatever resources were available to themfrom domestic markets encouraged Africanfinancial institutions to be a lot more out-goingin terms of the development of new instrumentsin recent years. But going back old ways wherethere was little interest in new instruments andnew clients, opting for safer government businessonly, will not be beneficial in the long-term.Reforms to enhance the continent’s integrationinto the global market are therefore important.This paper attempts to answer some importantquestions: Whether the mobilization of domesticresources is counter-cyclical and whether externalshocks will lead to improvements in domesticresource mobilization? The paper argues thatif there should be any interruptions in the flowof domestic resources, this may not be easilyattributable to the onset of the financial crisis,rather it is argued that the structural and institutionalconstraints that have hindered resourcemobilization for a long time will continue tomake it difficult for the financial systems torespond adequately to any interruptions inexternal resource flows. The paper highlights anumber of suggestions for countries to improvedomestic resources mobilization.
在获取国外资源日益困难的情况下，在全球金融危机之后，利用国内资源进行发展变得越来越重要。然而，具有讽刺意味的是，金融危机也有可能影响到国内资源的调动。全球金融危机影响了公共部门调动税收的能力。增值税等新税种的引入、贸易关税的合理化、加强税务部门、改革激励机制、减少和取消补贴，都有可能改善国内资源的调动。非洲国家面临的另一个重大挑战是，如何加强其金融体系，使其提供必要的金融资源，用于促进投资和促进创造就业。这一领域的改革将改善金融机构的政策环境，并为它们提高竞争力提供激励。尽管做出了努力，但过去二十年来对大多数非洲国家金融系统绩效的研究往往表明，改革在有效调动国内资源并将其转化为生产性投资方面的成功程度普遍有限。尽管非洲金融行业仍然marginallyintegrated在全球金融市场,这既是事实,知道他们couldborrow从国际市场supplementwhatever资源可用themfrom国内市场鼓励Africanfinancial机构更out-goingin新instrumentsin近年来的发展。但是，回到对新工具和新客户没有什么兴趣、只选择更安全的政府业务的老路，从长期来看，将是没有好处的。因此，促进非洲大陆融入全球市场的改革非常重要。本文试图回答一些重要问题:国内资源的动员是否是反周期的，外部冲击是否会导致国内资源动员的改善?本文认为如果应该有任何中断流程国内资源,这可能不是easilyattributable金融危机爆发,而是认为,结构性和institutionalconstraints阻碍resourcemobilization很长一段时间仍将使金融系统难以充分torespond任何中断inexternal资源流动。该报告提出了一些建议，供各国改进资源调动。
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