(level 1) 请教大家两个关于international trade （Economics)中的问题

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请教大家两个关于international trade （Economics)中的问题. 引号里面的话是 Kaplan notes里面的原话。相关内容也在课后题中有出现。

1.       关于Efforts of tariffs and quota， P218提到 “Quotas and tariffs in a large country could increase national welfare under a specific set of assumptions, primarily because for a country that imports a large amount of the good, setting a quota or tariff could reduce the world price for that good.”

请问大家， imposing quotas or tariffs by a large country 怎么可以reduce the world price从而还提高该国家的国家福利呢?

2.       关于the balance of payment (“BOP”) accounts including their components部门，在P220有提到 Current account comprises three sub-accounts including unilateral transfer. Kaplan notes还说 “Unilateral transfers are one-way transfers of assets, such as money received from those working abroad and direct foreign aid. In the case of foreign aid and gifts, the capital account of the donor nation is debited.”

书中关于unilateral transfers既提到了current account又提到了capital account. 那么 unilateral transfers (in the case of foreign aid and gifts) 究竟是与 current account, or capital account, or both相关呢?

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关键词：Internation Economics Economic National Nation set understand following national specific

我的理解，仅供参考：
1.进口大国设置quotas or tariffs后，导致国际市场上剩余供给增加，供给增加导致价格降低，价格降低所以反过来对该国有利
2.单方面转移收支包括在国际收支平衡表中的经常项目（Current Account）中，捐赠国计入借方，经常项目表中单方面转移数值为负。与另一大类里的资本账户（Capital account）无关。

第二个问题应该是作者笔误吧。看别人的东西，包括老外的东西，还是需要自己的判断力的。