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英文文献：How Far Has Africa Come in Reducing its Anti-agricultural Policy Bias?-非洲在减少其反农业政策偏见方面走了多远?
英文文献作者：Kym Anderson,William A. Masters,Marianne Kurzweil,Ernesto Valenzuela
英文文献摘要：
For decades, earnings from farming in many African countries have been depressed by own-country policies such as export restrictions on cash crop products, as well as by governments of richer countries favoring their farmers with import barriers and subsidies. Both sets of policies have reduced national and global economic welfare, inhibited agricultural trade and economic growth, and may well have added to income inequality and poverty in Africa. During the past two decades, however, numerous African country governments have reduced their sectoral and trade policy distortions, while some high-income countries also have begun reducing market-distorting aspects of their farm policies. This paper provides new estimates of the changing extent of policy distortions to prices faced by African farmers over the past half century. It compares that pattern with similar estimates from Asia and Latin America, before discussing prospects for further pro-poor policy reform of agricultural price and trade policies.
几十年来，许多非洲国家的农业收入一直受到本国政策的抑制，例如经济作物产品的出口限制，以及富裕国家政府通过进口壁垒和补贴来支持本国农民。这两套政策都降低了国家和全球的经济福利，抑制了农业贸易和经济增长，很可能加剧了非洲的收入不平等和贫困。然而，在过去20年里，许多非洲国家政府已经减少了其部门和贸易政策的扭曲，而一些高收入国家也开始减少其农业政策中扭曲市场的方面。本文对非洲农民在过去半个世纪中所面临的价格政策扭曲程度的变化提供了新的估计。报告将这一模式与亚洲和拉丁美洲的类似估计进行了比较，然后讨论了在农产品价格和贸易政策方面进一步推行有利于穷人的政策改革的前景。
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