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英文文献：Remittances, the Diffusion of Information and Industrialisation in Africa-非洲的汇款、信息传播和工业化
英文文献作者：Simplice A. Asongu,Nicholas M. Odhiambo
英文文献摘要：
This study examines the role of information and communication technology (ICT) on remittances for industrialisation in a panel of 49 African countries for the period 1980-2014. The empirical evidence is based on three simultaneity-robust estimation techniques, namely: (i) Instrumental Fixed Effects (FE) in order to control for the unobserved heterogeneity; (ii) Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) to account for persistence in industrialisation; and (iii) Instrumental Quantile Regressions (QR) to control for initial levels of industrialisation. Our best estimators are from FE and QR estimations because the GMM regression outputs largely fail post-estimation diagnostic tests. The following findings are established: (i) There are positive marginal effects from the interaction between remittances and ICT in the FE regressions whereas there are negative marginal impacts from the interaction between remittances and ICT; (ii) Interactions between remittances and mobile phone penetration are positive in the bottom and 90th quantiles whereas the interaction between internet penetration and remittances is positive in the bottom and top quantiles of the industrialisation distribution. Overall, the role of ICT in remittances for industrialisation is much more apparent when existing levels of industrialisation are accounted for. The findings contribute to the debates on the importance of external flows and information infrastructure in economic growth as well as the relevance of remittances in driving economic development in environments where institutions are weak. The value of the study to scholars and policy makers also builds on the fact that the potential for ICT and remittances in Africa can be leveraged to address development challenges on the continent such as the low level of industrialisation.
本研究考察了信息和通信技术(ICT)在一个由49个非洲国家组成的小组中在1980-2014年期间在工业化汇款方面的作用。经验证据基于三种同时稳健估计技术，即:(i)工具固定效应(FE)，以控制未观察到的异质性;(ii)考虑工业化持续性的广义矩法(GMM);(iii)控制初始工业化水平的工具分位数回归(QR)。我们最好的估计是来自FE和QR估计，因为GMM回归输出很大程度上不能通过估计后诊断测试。(i)在FE回归中，汇款和信通技术之间的相互作用存在正边际效应，而汇款和信通技术之间的相互作用存在负边际影响;(ii)汇款与移动电话普及率之间的交互作用在底部和90分位数为正，而互联网普及率与汇款普及率之间的交互作用在工业化分布的底部和顶部分位数为正。总体而言，如果考虑到现有的工业化水平，ICT在工业化汇款中的作用要明显得多。这些发现有助于讨论外部流动和信息基础设施在经济增长中的重要性，以及在制度薄弱的环境中汇款在推动经济发展方面的相关性。该研究对学者和政策制定者的价值还建立在这样一个事实之上:可以利用非洲ICT和汇款的潜力来应对非洲大陆的发展挑战，例如工业化水平较低。
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