Characterization of smallholder pig production systems in Uganda: constrain...

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英文文献：Characterization of smallholder pig production systems in Uganda: constraints and opportunities for engaging with market systems-乌干达小型养猪生产系统的特征:参与市场系统的限制和机会
英文文献作者：Ouma, Emily,Dione, Michel,Lule, Peter,Rosel, Kristina,Pezo, Danilo
英文文献摘要：
Pig production has increasingly become an important activity, especially among smallholder farmers in Uganda in the past three decades as evidenced by a dramatic rise in pig population from 0.19 to 3.2 million. This is linked to the rise in demand for pork due to preference changes among other factors. Per capita consumption of pork has been estimated at 3.4 kg/person/year representing a ten-fold increase in the last 30 years. Pigs are important assets for the poor smallholders in Uganda generating income for meeting planned and emergency household financial needs. Despite its importance, the smallholder pig systems are faced with a number of productivity and market related constraints ranging from diseases, poor nutrition and poorly organized markets. Strong growth opportunities to improve smallholder pig systems exist if the constraints are minimized. However the constraints and opportunities vary among smallholder producers as they are not a homogenous group and are affected by various factors. This paper applies a cluster analysis to characterize smallholder pig production systems into typologies in three districts in Uganda by utilizing village level data from 35 villages. The paper further explores the constraints and opportunities for the different typologies to engage with output and input market systems. The paper concludes that different interventions are necessary to improve market linkages with the smallholder pig production systems due to their varying differences in terms of farmers’ cooperative involvement, institutional linkages and intensification related indicators.

养猪已日益成为一项重要的活动，特别是在乌干达的小农户中，过去三十年来，养猪数量从0.19万头急剧增长到320万头。这与消费者偏好变化等因素导致的猪肉需求上升有关。人均猪肉消费量估计为3.4公斤/人/年，在过去30年里增长了10倍。猪是乌干达贫穷小农的重要资产，为满足计划的和紧急的家庭财政需要创造收入。尽管小农养猪系统很重要，但它面临着许多与生产力和市场相关的限制，包括疾病、营养不良和市场组织不良。如果约束条件最小化，就存在改善小农养猪系统的强劲增长机会。然而，由于小农生产者不是一个同质的群体，受到各种因素的影响，他们的约束和机会各不相同。本文利用来自35个村庄的村级数据，将聚类分析应用于乌干达三个地区的小农养猪生产系统的类型分析。本文进一步探讨了不同类型在投入和产出市场系统中的约束和机会。本文的结论是，由于农户的合作参与、制度联系和集约化相关指标存在差异，有必要采取不同的干预措施来改善与小农户生猪生产系统的市场联系。

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