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英文文献：Risk analysis in innovation system: a case - study of production of Vitamin A cassava variety among farmers in Nigeria-创新体系中的风险分析:尼日利亚农民生产维生素a木薯品种的案例研究
英文文献作者：Ayinde, O.E.
英文文献摘要：
Every innovation is targeted towards adoption; a process which involves several levels of risks. Bio-fortified Vitamin A cassava variety is an innovation targeted not only to solve the yield of farmers but to increase the nutritional intake of Nigerian household. The research specifically seeks to investigate; the risks involved in the adoption of vitamin A cassava variety; the risk attitude of cassava farmers; and the factors that affect farmers risk attitude to the production of vitamin A cassava. 4-stage random sampling procedure was used to primarily select 240 farmers; descriptive statistics, Likert scale, Safety first utility approach and ordinary least square regression model were the tool of analysis. The study revealed that risks involved in adoption of the cassava variety include animal invasion, price fluctuation, and poor storage facilities. Majority of the farmers 88.3% are risk neutral, only 16% are risk takers; it also revealed that age, income from other activities and estimated annual income are the determinants of risk attitude. It is therefore recommended that; effort should be geared toward making adequate vitamin A bio-fortified cassava varieties available to young farmers; grazing reserved should be provided to reduce the risk and effort should be intensified to reduce price volatility for improved products
每一项创新都以被采用为目标;这是一个包含多种风险的过程。生物强化维生素A木薯品种是一项创新，目标不仅是解决农民的产量，而且是增加尼日利亚家庭的营养摄入。该研究特别寻求调查;采用维生素A木薯品种所涉及的风险;木薯种植者的风险态度;以及影响农民对维生素A木薯生产风险态度的因素。采用四阶段随机抽样法，初步选取240名农户;分析工具为描述性统计、李克特量表、安全第一效用法和普通最小二乘回归模型。这项研究表明，采用这种木薯品种涉及的风险包括动物入侵、价格波动和存储设施差。88.3%的农民是风险中性，只有16%是风险承担者;研究还表明，年龄、其他活动的收入和估计的年收入是风险态度的决定因素。因此，建议;应努力向年轻农民提供足够的维生素A生物强化木薯品种;应提供保留放牧以减少风险，并应加紧努力减少改良产品的价格波动
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