目录见下:
Contents
List of figures page x
Preface xv
1 Understanding natural selection 1
1.1 Natural selection 2
1.2 Genetical approaches to natural selection 7
1.3 Natural selection as an evolutionary game 10
1.4 Road map 21
2 Underlying mathematics and philosophy 26
2.1 Scalars, vectors, and matrices 28
2.2 Dynamical systems 33
2.3 Biological population models 39
2.4 Examples of population models 42
2.5 Classical stability concepts 49
3 The Darwinian game 61
3.1 Classical games 62
3.2 Evolutionary games 72
3.3 Evolution by natural selection 83
4 G-functions for the Darwinian game 88
4.1 How to create a G-function 89
4.2 Types of G-functions 91
4.3 G-functions with scalar strategies 92
4.4 G-functions with vector strategies 93
4.5 G-functions with resources 96
4.6 Multiple G-functions 99
4.7 G-functions in terms of population frequency 103
4.8 Multistage G-functions 106
4.9 Non-equilibrium dynamics 110
5 Darwinian dynamics 112
5.1 Strategy dynamics and the adaptive landscape 113
5.2 The source of new strategies: heritable variation and mutation 116
5.3 Ecological time and evolutionary time 119
5.4 G-functions with scalar strategies 120
5.5 G-functions with vector strategies 131
5.6 G-functions with resources 140
5.7 Multiple G-functions 141
5.8 G-functions in terms of population frequency 143
5.9 Multistage G-functions 144
5.10 Non-equilibrium Darwinian dynamics 145
5.11 Stability conditions for Darwinian dynamics 147
5.12 Variance dynamics 149
6 Evolutionarily stable strategies 151
6.1 Evolution of evolutionary stability 153
6.2 G-functions with scalar strategies 160
6.3 G-functions with vector strategies 168
6.4 G-functions with resources 170
6.5 Multiple G-functions 174
6.6 G-functions in terms of population frequency 180
6.7 Multistage G-functions 183
6.8 Non-equilibrium Darwinian dynamics 188
7 The ESS maximum principle 197
7.1 Maximum principle for G-functions with scalar strategies 198
7.2 Maximum principle for G-functions with vector strategies 205
7.3 Maximum principle for G-functions with resources 211
7.4 Maximum principle for multiple G-functions 213
7.5 Maximum principle for G-functions in terms of population frequency 219
7.6 Maximum principle for multistage G-functions 222
7.7 Maximum principle for non-equilibrium dynamics 225
8 Speciation and extinction 231
8.1 Species concepts 234
8.2 Strategy species concept 236
8.3 Variance dynamics 243
8.4 Mechanisms of speciation 251
8.5 Predator–prey coevolution and community evolution 264
8.6 Wright’s shifting balance theory and frequency-dependent selection 266
8.7 Microevolution and macroevolution 268
8.8 Incumbent replacement 272
8.9 Procession of life 273
9 Matrix games 275
9.1 A maximum principle for the matrix game 277
9.2 The 2 × 2 bi-linear game 284
9.3 Non-linear matrix games 295
10 Evolutionary ecology 304
10.1 Habitat selection 304
10.2 Consumer-resource games 309
10.3 Plant ecology 324
10.4 Foraging games 333
11 Managing evolving systems 343
11.1 Evolutionary response to harvesting 344
11.2 Resource management and conservation 350
11.3 Chemotherapy-driven evolution 359
References 364
Index 377