发帖
雷达卡
大纲
一、前言
二、环境准备
三、安装与配置Nginx
四、Nginx之反向代理
五、Nginx之负载均衡
六、Nginx之页面缓存
七、Nginx之URL重写
八、Nginx之读写分离
注：操作系统为CentOS6.5 x84_64，Nginx是最新版1.4.4
一、前言
在前面的几篇博文中我们主要讲解了Nginx作为Web服务器知识点，主要的知识点有nginx的理论详解、nginx作为web服务器的操作讲解、nginx作为LNMP架构的讲解，不清楚的博友可以回头看看，在这一篇博客中我们主要讲解， nginx的反向代理、负载均衡、缓存、URL重写以及读写分离详解。好了，下面我们来具体说一说。
二、环境准备
1.操作系统：CentOS 6.5 x84_64
2.软件：Nginx 1.4.4
4.安装源：
[root@localhostnginx]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
[root@web1 ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
5．各节点时间同步
(root@nginx ~)# ntpdate 202.120.2.101
(root@web1 ~)# ntpdate 202.120.2.101
(root@web2 ~)# ntpdate 202.120.2.101
6.关闭防火墙与selinux
#service iptables stop chkconfig iptables off getenforce
三．安装Nginx
1.解压
[root@localhostnginx]#tar -zxvf nginx-1.4.4.tar.gz
2.新建nginx用户与组
[root@localhostnginx]# groupadd -g 108 -r nginx
[root@localhostnginx]#useradd -u 108 -r -g 108 nginx
[root@localhostnginx]#id nginx
3.准备编译配置文件
[root@localhostnginx]#yum -y install pcre-devel openssl-devel
[root@localhost nginx-1.4.4]#./configure--prefix=/usr/ --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx.conf--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --user=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module--with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi --with-pcre
4.编译安装
[root@localhost nginx-1.4.4]# make&& make install
5.为nginx提供SysV init 脚本
[root@localhost nginx-1.4.4]# cat/etc/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops thenginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no"] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && ./etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
#make required directories
user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating"$value
mkdir -p $value && chown-R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[-x $nginx ] || exit 5
[-f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[$retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[$retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0{start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
6.为此脚本赋予执行权限
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x/etc/init.d/nginx
7.添加至服务管理列表，并让其开机启动
[root@localhost ~]#chkconfig --add nginx
[root@localhost ~]#chkconfig --list | grepnginx
[root@localhost ~]#chkconfig nginx on
8.启动nginx
[root@localhost ~]#service nginx start
9.查看一下端口
[root@localhost ~]#netstat -ntlp |grep 80
10.测试一下
四．Nginx之反向代理
在配置nginx反向代理之间我们得先准备两台测试服务器，web1与web2
1. 安装httpd
[root@web1 ~]#yum –y install httpd
[root@web2 ~]# yum –y install httpd
2. 提供测试页面
[root@web1 ~]# echo “<h1>web1.test.com</h1>”>/var/www/html/index.html
[root@web2 ~]# echo “<h1>web1.test.com</h1>”>/var/www/html/index.html
3. 启动httpd服务
[root@web2 ~]# service httpd restart
[root@web1 ~]# service httpd restart
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