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Yangtze (长江 Cháng jiāng)
Dusk on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (Three Gorges)
Country China
Tributaries
- left Yalong, Min, Tuo, Jialing, Han
- right Wu, Yuan, Zi, Xiang, Gan, Huangpu
Cities Yibin, Luzhou, Chongqing, Wanzhou, Yichang, Jingzhou, Yueyang, Wuhan, Jiujiang, Anqing, Tongling, Wuhu, Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Nantong, Shanghai
Source Jari Hill
- location Tanggula Mountains, Qinghai, China
- elevation 5,170 m (16,962 ft)
- coordinates 32°36′14″N 94°30′44″E
Mouth East China Sea
- location Shanghai, and Jiangsu
- coordinates 31°23′37″N 121°58′59″ECoordinates: 31°23′37″N 121°58′59″E
Length 6,357 km (3,950 mi) [1]
Basin 1,808,500 km2 (698,266 sq mi) [2]
Discharge
- average 30,166 m3/s (1,065,302 cu ft/s) [3]
- max 110,000 m3/s (3,884,613 cu ft/s) [4][5]
- min 2,000 m3/s (70,629 cu ft/s)
The course of the Yangtze River through China
Map of the Yangtze River basin
Golden Island, on The Yang-Tse River, China (LMS, 1869, p.64)[6]
The Yangtze (English: /ˈjæŋtsi/ or /ˈjɑːŋtsi/), which is 6,380 km (3,964 miles) long, is the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world. The river is the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. It drains one-fifth of the land area of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and its river basin is home to nearly one-third of the country's population.[7] The Yangtze is the sixth-largest river by discharge volume in the world.
The English name Yangtze derives from the Chinese name Yángzǐ Jiāng ( listen), which refers to the lowest 435 km of the river between Nanjing and Shanghai. The whole river is known in China as Cháng Jiāng ( listen; literally: "Long River").
The Yangtze plays a large role in the history, culture and economy of China. The prosperous Yangtze River Delta generates as much as 20% of the PRC's GDP. The Yangtze River flows through a wide array of ecosystems and is habitat to several endemic and endangered species including the Chinese alligator, the finless porpoise, the Chinese paddlefish, the (possibly extinct) Yangtze River dolphin or baiji, and the Yangtze sturgeon. For thousands of years, the river has been used for water, irrigation, sanitation, transportation, industry, boundary-marking and war. The Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River is the largest hydro-electric power station in the world.[8][9]
In recent years, the river has suffered from industrial pollution, agricultural run-off, siltation, and loss of wetland and lakes, which exacerbates seasonal flooding. Some sections of the river are now protected as nature reserves. A stretch of the upstream Yangtze flowing through deep gorges in western Yunnan is part of the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In mid-2014 the Chinese government announced it was building a multi-tier transport network, comprising railways, roads and airports, to create a new economic belt alongside the river.[10]
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