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英文文献：Dispute Settlement at the WTO: Impacts of a No Deal in the US-Brazil Cotton Dispute-WTO争端解决:美国-巴西棉花争端中无协议的影响
英文文献作者：Lakatos, Csilla,Walmsley, Terrie L.
英文文献摘要：
On the day before Brazil was to start imposing retaliatory sanctions against the US in the WTO dispute settlement case regarding unfair domestic and export upland cotton subsidies, the parties have reached a preliminary concession aimed at settling this 8-year-long trade dispute. In this paper, we explore the economy wide impacts of a no deal with speci?c emphasis on intellectual property retaliation in a computable general equilibrium framework. As awarded by a WTO dispute settlement panel, Brazil would have been entitled to $591 million in retaliatory sanctions in goods sectors and $238 million in intellectual property sanctions. We ?nd that retaliation by Brazil would have led to welfare gains for all countries except the US. Most importantly however, had Brazil not been allowed to retaliate in the form of suspension of intellectual property rights, the impact of trade retaliation alone would have been negative for both Brazil and the US, a case of shooting oneself in the foot to shoot at the other person’s foot.
就在巴西开始对美国实施报复性制裁的前一天，各方达成了一项初步让步，旨在解决这场持续8年之久的贸易争端。本文在可计算的一般均衡框架下，探讨无协议对经济的广泛影响，并特别强调知识产权报复。根据世贸组织争端解决小组的裁决，巴西将有权获得5.91亿美元的商品领域报复性制裁，以及2.38亿美元的知识产权制裁。我们发现，如果巴西采取报复措施，那么除了美国之外，所有国家的福利都将得到改善。然而，最重要的是，如果巴西没有被允许以暂停知识产权的形式进行报复，单是贸易报复就会对巴西和美国产生负面影响，就像拿自己的脚来打别人的脚一样。
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