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【出版时间及名称】：2009 亚洲的大米经济（英文）The Rice Economy of Asia
【作者】：The International Rice Research Institute / Manila
【文件格式】：PDF
【页数】：352
【目录或简介】：
Contents
Foreword xvii
Preface xix
Editor’s Note xxi
1 OVERVIEW 1
Development of the Modern Rice Production System 2
Rice Markets and Trade 8
Rice Policies 11
2 THE ORIGINS, CLASSIFICATION, AND DISSEMINATION OF RICE CULTIVATION 14
Cultural Types and Their Dissemination 14
Subspecies or Varietal Types and their Dissemination 16
3 ASIAN RICE FARMING SYSTEMS 20
Topography 20
The Monsoon Climate 22
Rice-Based Cropping Patterns 24
Farming Systems in Asia 27
Farm Size and Tenure in Asia 33
Summary 35
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viii CONTENTS
4 TRENDS IN PRODUCTION AND SOURCES OF GROWTH 38
Asian Rice in World Perspective 38
Asian Rice in Historical Perspective 42
Sources of Growth in Production 46
5 VARIETAL IMPROVEMENT 54
Research Prior to World War II 54
Achievements Since World War II 59
The Spread of Modern Varieties 65
The Search for Higher Yield 67
6 FERTILIZERS AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS 73
Sources of Plant Nutrients 73
Consumption Trends 74
The Productivity of Fertilizer on Rice 76
Aggregate Contribution of Fertilizer to Rice Production 83
The Demand for Fertilizer 84
Marketing, Distribution, and Pricing of Fertilizer 86
Agricultural Chemicals 88
7 DEVELOPMENT OF IRRIGATION 94
Historical Perspective 94
Evolution of Irrigation Development 96
Growth in Irrigated Area in Contemporary Asia 97
Investment in Irrigation Development 100
Complementarity Between Irrigation and Modern Inputs 101
Future Investment Requirements 103
Implications for Future Irrigation Development 105
8 MECHANIZATION OF RICE PRODUCTION 108
The Pattern of Mechanization in Asian Rice Production 108
Evidence on the Impact of Mechanization 115
Future Directions 121
CONTENTS
9 TRENDS IN LABOR USE AND PRODUCTIVITY 123
Historical Trends in Labor Use and Productivity 124
The Impact of Modern Technology on Labor Use and Productivity 176
Women in Asian Rice Cultivation 130
Trends in Real Wages and Factor Shares of Labor 131
Family Labor Use 132
Falling Wages, Landless Laborers. and Labor Contracts 134
The Elasticity of Demand for Labor 137
Progress and Poverty 137
10 WHO BENEFITS FROM THE NEW TECHNOLOGY? 141
Growth. Equity, and Technological Change 141
The Effect of New Technology on Production 143
Market Effects of Technical Change 143
Farm-level Experience with New Technology 145
The Effect of New Technology at the Village Level 154
Variability in Adoption at the Regional Level 156
Technological Change — Who Benefits? 156
11 RICE CONSUMPTION PATTERNS 159
Trends in Cereal Grain Consumption 159
Factors Affecting Rice Consumption 162
Conclusion 170
12 RICE MARKETING 172
Marketed Surplus 172
Organization of the Marketing System 173
Rice Milling 174
Efficiency and Competition 177
Government Intervention 180
Modernization 182
13 INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN RICE 185
Growth in Rice Trade: 1860s to World War II 186
World Rice Trade After World War II 188
Instability 191
Long-term Trends in Supply and Demand 195
Improving Performance 199
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x CONTENTS
14 PRIORITIES FOR RICE RESEARCH AND EXTENSION IN ASIA 202
The Organization of Rice Research 203
Methods of Establishing Research Priorities 205
Analyzing Allocation of Research Inputs to Rice Environments 206
Implications for Rice Research and Extension in Asia 210
Conclusion 21 3
15 CONSTRAINTS TO INCREASED PRODUCTION 215
Potential and Maximum Rice Yields 215
Constraints 216
Technical Constraints 217
Socioeconomic Constraints 219
Measurement of Constraints at the Farm Level 220
Implications for Overcoming Constraints 229
Appendix 15-A. Principal Collaborators in the Rice Yield Constraints Project, 1974-77 231
16 GOVERNMENT RICE POLICIES 232
The Asian Rice Economies 232
Policies for the Rice Sector 233
The Rice Price Dilemma 235
Classifications of Countries 236
Achieving Production Objectives 237
A Rational Rice Policy 239
17 NATIONAL RICE PROGRAMS: CASE STUDIES FOR SELECTED
COUNTRIES 242
India: Programs to Increase Rice Production 242
China: A Centrally Planned Economy 246
Indonesia: Rice for Consumers 249
Thailand: The Position of the Exporter 251
Malaysia: A Turn Toward Producers 252
The Philippines: Problems of Self-Sufficiency 253
Common Elements in National Rice Programs 256
18 PROJECTING THE ASIAN RICE SITUATION 259
The Projections Model 259
Future Demand for Rice 260
Future Rice Production 262
Results for Selected Countries 267
Prospects for Rice in Asia 271
Bibliography 273
Index 303
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