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英文文献：Agricultural Trade and Freshwater Resources-农业贸易和淡水资源
英文文献作者：Reimer, Jeffrey J.
英文文献摘要：
Approximately 75% of all water used by humans goes towards food production, much of which is traded internationally. This study formally models how this works in the case of crop agriculture, making use of recent advances in international trade theory and new data on the productivity by which countries use water for crop agriculture. The strength of the model lies in its ability to predict, when there is a shock to the system, how trade between pairs of specific countries changes for products that use water intensively. In one application of the model, international trade in final products is shown to be a means for countries to deal with short- and long-run shocks to water resources that are too big for one country to handle by itself in isolation. In a second application of the model, trade liberalization is shown to be a means for conserving water at the global level, as production shifts to regions where it is of greater abundance.
大约75%的人类用水用于粮食生产，其中大部分用于国际贸易。本研究利用国际贸易理论的最新进展和关于各国为作物农业用水的生产率的新数据，正式地模拟了这在作物农业中是如何运作的。该模型的强大之处在于，当系统受到冲击时，它能够预测成对的特定国家之间的贸易会因密集用水的产品而发生怎样的变化。在该模型的一项应用中，最终产品的国际贸易被证明是各国处理对水资源的短期和长期冲击的一种手段，这种冲击太大，一个国家无法单独处理。在该模式的第二次应用中，贸易自由化被证明是在全球一级保存水资源的一种手段，因为生产转移到水资源比较丰富的区域。
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