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WORLD TRADE REPORT 2021 Economicresilienceand trade
wto2021年世界贸易数据full+report.zip
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The 2021 World Trade Report explores current debates about economic resilience in a global economy increasingly subject to natural and man-made shocks, and explains how the WTO can contribute to improving economic resilience.
ContentsAcknowledgements and disclaimer 2Abbreviations and symbols 3Foreword by the WTO Director-General 4Executive summary 6A. Introduction 121. Vulnerability and resilience: two sides of the same globalization coin 142. More resilience requires more, not less, global economic cooperation 18B. Why economic resilience matters 201. Introduction 222. Economies are exposed to risks and shocks 223. Disruptions and shocks can cause significant loss of life and severe economic impact 294. How do shocks impact international trade? 365. Economic and trade policy response to shocks 476. Building and supporting economic resilience has become a key strategy to reduce business interruptions and economic losses caused by shocks 557. Conclusion 62C. The role of trade in economic resilience 641. Introduction 662. Trade can be a spreader of shocks 663. Trade can enable countries to better prepare for, cope with, and recover from shocks 814. The role of trade diversification in resilience 1075. Conclusion 116D. The role of international cooperation in building economic resilience 1221. Introduction 1242. Why does international cooperation matter for economic resilience and what forms does it take? 1243. International cooperation on non-trade policies can help reduce risk and vulnerabilities and enhance resilience 1284. International cooperation on trade policies can reduce risk and vulnerabilities 1325. International cooperation on trade policies can help cope with shocks 1496. International cooperation on trade policies can help recover after shocks 1657. Conclusion 168E. Conclusion 175Opinion piecesStephane Hallegatte, “Beyond the aggregate: defining and measuring households’ resilience” 58Ralph Ossa, “A simple measure of economic resilience” 60Susan Lund, “How more resilient supply chains could reshape global trade” 80Alison Gillwald, “Multiple economic resilience challenges for Africa in a rapidly digitalizing global economy” 82Chad P. Bown, “Semiconductors and pandemic resilience” 93Mami Mizutori, “The business case for trade, risk reduction and resilience” 133ebnem Kalemli-Özcan, “The economic case for global vaccinations” 153Ellen ‘t Hoen, “Vaccine knowledge needs to be a global public good” 157Patrick Gaulé, “Patents and the availability of essential goods in crises: the case of COVID-19 vaccines” 159Bibliography 177Technical notes 200List of figures, tables and boxes 201WTO members 205Previous World Trade Reports 20
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