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摘要翻译：
哺乳动物的后代需要父母的照顾，至少在他们的早期发育过程中以哺乳的形式。虽然母亲需要投入大量的时间和精力来确保目前的后代存活，但她们也需要优化对一批后代的投资，以确保未来的繁殖，从而确保终生的繁殖成功。自由放养的狗生活在小的社会群体中，杂乱交配，缺乏其他群体生活犬科动物的合作繁殖生物学。它们面临着很高的早期死亡率，这反过来又减少了母体从一批幼崽中获得的健康益处。我们在印度对自由放养的狗进行了一项实地研究，以了解在小狗发育的不同阶段，母亲提供的父母照顾的性质。利用母体与幼崽相互作用的行为模式，我们绘制了幼崽个体发育的时间表。我们的分析表明，随着幼崽年龄的增长，母亲巧妙地减少了对能量密集型主动护理的投资，并增加了被动护理，从而在幼崽年龄以上保持了父母护理的总体水平或多或少保持不变。
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英文标题：
《Clever mothers balance time and effort in parental care: a study on
free-ranging dogs》
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作者：
Manabi Paul, Shubhra Sau, Anjan K. Nandi and Anindita Bhadra
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最新提交年份：
2016
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分类信息：
一级分类：Quantitative Biology 数量生物学
二级分类：Other Quantitative Biology 其他定量生物学
分类描述：Work in quantitative biology that does not fit into the other q-bio classifications
不适合其他q-bio分类的定量生物学工作
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英文摘要：
Mammalian offspring require parental care, at least in the form of suckling during their early development. While mothers need to invest considerable time and energy in ensuring the survival of their current offspring, they also need to optimize their investment in one batch of offspring in order to ensure future reproduction and hence lifetime reproductive success. Free-ranging dogs live in small social groups, mate promiscuously, and lack the cooperative breeding biology of other group living canids. They face high early life mortality, which in turn reduces fitness benefits of the mother from a batch of pups. We carried out a field based study on free-ranging dogs in India to understand the nature of parental care provided by mothers at different stages of pup development. Using behavioural patterns of mother-pup interactions, we draw up a timeline of pup ontogeny. Our analysis reveals that mothers cleverly reduce investment in energy intensive active care and increase passive care as the pups grow older, thereby keeping overall levels of parental care more or less constant over pup age.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.01135
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