颗粒的非平衡统计力学和流体力学 流体

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摘要翻译：
颗粒流体是由活化的介观或宏观颗粒（如粉末或颗粒）组成的集合，它们的流动通常看起来与正常流体的流动相似。为了探索这些流动的定性和定量描述，考虑了这类流体的理想化模型，即光滑非弹性硬球系统。以这种方式探索的区别粒状流体和正常流体的单一特征是碰撞的非弹性。在真实颗粒流体中观察到的主要差异确实被这一特征所捕获。在简单介绍真实颗粒流体的描述和理想化模型的动机之后，回顾了非平衡统计力学的元素（可观察性、状态及其动力学）。详细阐述了硬球相互作用的特点。导出了精确的数密度、能量密度和动量密度的微观平衡方程，并将其平均值描述为可能的宏观连续介质力学描述的原点。这种形式上精确的分析通过“正常”状态的概念导致封闭的、宏观的流体力学方程。引入这一概念，导出了Navier-Stokes本构方程，并给出了输运系数的Green-Kubo表达式。在动力学理论的背景下描述了颗粒气体的平行描述，并对玻尔兹曼极限进行了批判性的识别。本文概述了动力学方程的“正规”解的构造，并对低密度颗粒气体重新推导了Navier-Stokes级流体力学方程。
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英文标题：
《Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics and Hydrodynamics for a Granular
  Fluid》
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作者：
James W. Dufty
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最新提交年份：
2007
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Statistical Mechanics        统计力学
分类描述：Phase transitions, thermodynamics, field theory, non-equilibrium phenomena, renormalization group and scaling, integrable models, turbulence
相变，热力学，场论，非平衡现象，重整化群和标度，可积模型，湍流
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Soft Condensed Matter        软凝聚态物质
分类描述：Membranes, polymers, liquid crystals, glasses, colloids, granular matter
膜，聚合物，液晶，玻璃，胶体，颗粒物质
--

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英文摘要：
  Granular fluids consist of collections of activated mesoscopic or macroscopic particles (e.g., powders or grains) whose flows often appear similar to those of normal fluids. To explore the qualitative and quantitative description of these flows an idealized model for such fluids, a system of smooth inelastic hard spheres, is considered. The single feature distinguishing granular and normal fluids being explored in this way is the inelasticity of collisions. The dominant differences observed in real granular fluids are indeed captured by this feature. Following a brief introductory description of real granular fluids and motivation for the idealized model, the elements of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics are recalled (observables, states, and their dynamics). Peculiarities of the hard sphere interactions are developed in detail. The exact microscopic balance equations for the number, energy, and momentum densities are derived and their averages described as the origin for a possible macroscopic continuum mechanics description. This formally exact analysis leads to closed, macroscopic hydrodynamic equations through the notion of a "normal" state. This concept is introduced and the Navier-Stokes constitutive equations are derived, with associated Green-Kubo expressions for the transport coefficients. A parallel description of granular gases is described in the context of kinetic theory, and the Boltzmann limit is identified critically. The construction of the "normal" solution to the kinetic equation is outlined, and Navier-Stokes order hydrodynamic equations are re-derived for a low density granular gas.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/707.3714

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关键词：统计力学 流体力学 非平衡 Introductory Construction 识别 给出 流体 流体力学 连续介质