粒状流体

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摘要翻译：
术语粒状物质是指含有大量细观尺寸从毫米到米不等的硬质物体（颗粒）的系统。地质学的例子包括沙漠沙子和滑坡的岩石。但这种系统的范围要广泛得多，包括粉末和雪，种子和盐等可食用产品，药丸等医疗产品，以及火星表面风化层和土星环等地外系统。对颗粒物质性质的基本理解的重要性怎么估计都不为过。目前关注的实际问题包括减轻雪崩和粮仓爆炸的灾害，以及制药行业的巨大经济后果。此外，它们具有学术和概念上的重要性，也是远离平衡的系统的例子。在许多感兴趣的条件下，颗粒物质像正常流体一样流动。在后一种情况下，这种流动由流体力学方程精确地描述。这里的注意力集中在对颗粒流进行相应的流体力学描述的可能性上。非平衡统计力学的工具，在过去五十年中发展起来的由原子和分子组成的流体，在这里被应用到一个颗粒系统中，作为定性问题和实际定量预测的基本方法。得到了非线性Navier-Stokes方程和相关输运系数的表达式。
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英文标题：
《Granular Fluids》
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作者：
James W. Dufty
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最新提交年份：
2007
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Statistical Mechanics        统计力学
分类描述：Phase transitions, thermodynamics, field theory, non-equilibrium phenomena, renormalization group and scaling, integrable models, turbulence
相变，热力学，场论，非平衡现象，重整化群和标度，可积模型，湍流
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Soft Condensed Matter        软凝聚态物质
分类描述：Membranes, polymers, liquid crystals, glasses, colloids, granular matter
膜，聚合物，液晶，玻璃，胶体，颗粒物质
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英文摘要：
  The terminology granular matter refers to systems with a large number of hard objects (grains) of mesoscopic size ranging from millimeters to meters. Geological examples include desert sand and the rocks of a landslide. But the scope of such systems is much broader, including powders and snow, edible products such a seeds and salt, medical products like pills, and extraterrestrial systems such as the surface regolith of Mars and the rings of Saturn. The importance of a fundamental understanding for granular matter properties can hardly be overestimated. Practical issues of current concern range from disaster mitigation of avalanches and explosions of grain silos to immense economic consequences within the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, they are of academic and conceptual importance as well as examples of systems far from equilibrium. Under many conditions of interest, granular matter flows like a normal fluid. In the latter case such flows are accurately described by the equations of hydrodynamics. Attention is focused here on the possibility for a corresponding hydrodynamic description of granular flows. The tools of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, developed over the past fifty years for fluids composed of atoms and molecules, are applied here to a system of grains for a fundamental approach to both qualitative questions and practical quantitative predictions. The nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations and expressions for the associated transport coefficients are obtained.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/709.0479

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关键词：Quantitative coefficients Consequences equilibrium Fundamental equations here 粒状 like Stokes