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摘要翻译：
许多研究已经考虑到认知在估计学校教育回报方面的重要作用。认知能力如何影响学校教育可能会产生重要的政策影响，特别是在发展中国家教育程度不断提高的时期。利用两项纵向劳动调查收集了认知技能的直接代理测量，我们在两个样本中研究了特定认知领域对学校教育回报的重要性。我们衡量学校教育水平，我们发现每增加一年的教育，收入就会增加大约18-20%。基于两阶段最小二乘估计的估计效应大小高于相应的普通最小二乘估计。此外，我们估计并论证了经典明瑟方程中特定认知域的重要性。我们发现，在农村样本中，执行功能技能（即记忆和定向）是收入的重要驱动因素，而在城市样本中，高阶认知技能（即算术）对决定收入更重要。虽然在两个样本中都测试了算术能力，但在城市样本中，它只是一个统计上显著的收入预测因素。
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英文标题：
《The Importance of Cognitive Domains and the Returns to Schooling in
South Africa: Evidence from Two Labor Surveys》
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作者：
Plamen Nikolov, Nusrat Jimi
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最新提交年份：
2020
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分类信息：
一级分类：Economics 经济学
二级分类：General Economics 一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类：Economics 经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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英文摘要：
Numerous studies have considered the important role of cognition in estimating the returns to schooling. How cognitive abilities affect schooling may have important policy implications, especially in developing countries during periods of increasing educational attainment. Using two longitudinal labor surveys that collect direct proxy measures of cognitive skills, we study the importance of specific cognitive domains for the returns to schooling in two samples. We instrument for schooling levels and we find that each additional year of schooling leads to an increase in earnings by approximately 18-20 percent. The estimated effect sizes-based on the two-stage least squares estimates-are above the corresponding ordinary least squares estimates. Furthermore, we estimate and demonstrate the importance of specific cognitive domains in the classical Mincer equation. We find that executive functioning skills (i.e., memory and orientation) are important drivers of earnings in the rural sample, whereas higher-order cognitive skills (i.e., numeracy) are more important for determining earnings in the urban sample. Although numeracy is tested in both samples, it is only a statistically significant predictor of earnings in the urban sample.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.00739
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