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摘要翻译：
在这项工作中，我们试图提供一个全面的技术变化速度的详细说明。更具体地说，我们首次调查了几乎所有可定义技术的年度性能改进率。我们通过创建美国专利系统中的所有专利与一组技术领域的对应关系来做到这一点。技术领域是使用相同的知识和科学原理实现相同技术功能的专利发明的集合体。我们使用先前定义的分类重叠方法(COM)的扩展获得了一组1757个域。这些领域包含了整个美国专利系统中所有专利的97.14%。从识别出的专利集合中，我们计算了每个领域中专利的平均中心度，以估计它们的改进率，遵循了在前人工作中测试过的方法。估计改善率从机械皮肤治疗-脱毛和皱纹领域每年1.9%的低到网络管理-客户机-服务器应用领域每年228.8%的高不等。我们开发了一个一行描述符，用于识别所实现的技术功能和这些领域中最大的50个、最快的20个以及最慢的20个的底层知识库，这些领域覆盖了专利系统的40%以上。一般说来，改进的速度并不是专利集大小的一个很强的函数，改进最快的领域主要是基于软件的。我们提供了一个在线系统，允许自动搜索领域和改进率对应于研究人员，战略家和政策制定者感兴趣的任何技术。
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英文标题：
《Technological improvement rate estimates for all technologies: Use of
patent data and an extended domain description》
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作者：
Anuraag Singh, Giorgio Triulzi and Christopher L. Magee
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最新提交年份：
2020
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分类信息：
一级分类：Economics 经济学
二级分类：General Economics 一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Computer Science 计算机科学
二级分类：Computers and Society 计算机与社会
分类描述：Covers impact of computers on society, computer ethics, information technology and public policy, legal aspects of computing, computers and education. Roughly includes material in ACM Subject Classes K.0, K.2, K.3, K.4, K.5, and K.7.
涵盖计算机对社会的影响、计算机伦理、信息技术和公共政策、计算机的法律方面、计算机和教育。大致包括ACM学科类K.0、K.2、K.3、K.4、K.5和K.7中的材料。
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一级分类：Physics 物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society 物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类：Economics 经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类：General Finance 一般财务
分类描述：Development of general quantitative methodologies with applications in finance
通用定量方法的发展及其在金融中的应用
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类：Portfolio Management 项目组合管理
分类描述：Security selection and optimization, capital allocation, investment strategies and performance measurement
证券选择与优化、资本配置、投资策略与绩效评价
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英文摘要：
In this work, we attempt to provide a comprehensive granular account of the pace of technological change. More specifically, we survey estimated yearly performance improvement rates for nearly all definable technologies for the first time. We do this by creating a correspondence of all patents within the US patent system to a set of technology domains. A technology domain is a body of patented inventions achieving the same technological function using the same knowledge and scientific principles. We obtain a set of 1757 domains using an extension of the previously defined classification overlap method (COM). These domains contain 97.14% of all patents within the entire US patent system. From the identified patent sets, we calculated the average centrality of the patents in each domain to estimate their improvement rates, following a methodology tested in prior work. The estimated improvement rates vary from a low of 1.9% per year for the Mechanical Skin treatment - Hair Removal and wrinkles domain to a high of 228.8% per year for the Network management - client-server applications domain. We developed a one-line descriptor identifying the technological function achieved and the underlying knowledge base for the largest 50, fastest 20 as well as slowest 20 of these domains, which cover more than forty percent of the patent system. In general, the rates of improvement were not a strong function of the patent set size and the fastest improving domains are predominantly software-based. We make available an online system that allows for automated searching for domains and improvement rates corresponding to any technology of interest to researchers, strategists and policy formulators.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.13919
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