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Phd Programs
Ph.D. stands for 'Philosophiae Doctor' or Doctor of Philosophy. Most consider it to be the highest academic degree. Focusing on research, this degree program trains the student to create new knowledge in her or his chosen field. A Ph.D. is almost invariably a prerequisite to becoming a professor in a 4-year college or university, and it is preferred for professors in 2-year schools.
Elements of a Ph.D.
Earning a Ph.D. is a high level academic achievement. Graduates earn the title 'Doctor.' There are several important facets to choosing and completing a Ph.D. program.
Choosing a Ph.D. Degree Program
Review what the faculty at each possible program are researching. Make a connection with a professor who studies something that interests you, because you will need a mentor as you do your own research.
You must have a bachelor's degree to enter a Ph.D. program.
Check that the graduate school has regional accreditation via an agency approved by the U.S. Department of Education. With the rise of 'diploma mills,' some employers will not accept a Ph.D. without examining the issuing school.
Ph.D. Curriculum
Besides courses on subjects in your field, you will study statistics and research methods to aid your own research. Ph.D. students without a master's degree are frequently awarded one at the end of the first or second year of coursework. A preliminary research paper serves as practice for the dissertation and may also be your master's thesis.
Candidacy Exam
Some Ph.D. programs have a comprehensive exam at the end of coursework. Successful completion makes the student a 'Ph.D. candidate.'
Dissertation Committee
While you take classes, identify professors with whom you work well. You need a committee of professors to look at your dissertation research design and to critique chapters as you write. Most schools require four professors, including your mentor; some prefer five.
The Dissertation
The dissertation, or doctoral thesis, is a major piece of work. You research a question in your field and write up the results, producing new knowledge. People spend up to five years working on the dissertation. Look up David Sternberg's book How to Complete and Survive a Doctoral Dissertation for more details.
Oral Defense of Dissertation
You meet with your committee to answer questions about your research and your dissertation. Their approval marks the culmination of your career as a student.
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