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[学科前沿] 东方赢谈21世纪企业战略 [推广有奖]

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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体;">跨越式发展的战略——超值定位</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">超值定位就是机会创新,或者说是机会选择,这种事前选择比事后努力更重要,其目的在于从战略高度发现快速成长的机会。在定位中首先是寻找或创造机遇。机遇范畴显性地或隐含地包括以下一组选择:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">目标用户是谁。这里涉及到用户范围划分和地理范围划分。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">选择满足用户何种需求及确定用户需求优先顺序。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">找谁竞争。清楚地了解竞争者提供的用户价值和产品、概念有何特点。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">企业提供的产品与服务创造了什么用户价值,有何独特之处。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">产品或服务用什么名称和概念,目标受众将如何看待它,将会在心中给它一个什么位置。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">然后,在多种机遇中,根据企业的核心竞争力和核心价值观、可盈利性进行评估与选择。只有同时符合机遇、核心竞争力、可盈利性、核心价值观等四个选择标准的定位,才是最好定位或最佳商业模式。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">超值定位是本人新著《跨越式战略》一书中一个重要内容,我在书中对于企业如何甩开竞争者取得竞争优势并快速发展提出了三大超值定位:开创者,比超出新,组合领先。其中可进一步划分为九种不同境况下的定位策略。下面分别向大家介绍:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">开创者</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">避开竞争激烈的市场,寻找无竞争的或竞争很弱的市场,谋求建立先入为主、独一无二的优势,“开创者”是跨越式发展的常用定位战略。开创者定位至少有三个重要特征:一是满足用户新的核心需求,创造具有新技术新性能的产品,或者开拓新市场;二是抢先进入并占领一片主要市场;三是抢先占领大多数目标用户的心智首位。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、先驱</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">先驱是那些首先进入全球性新兴市场并获得成功的公司。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">在全球互联网兴起的早期,<span lang="EN-US">1997</span>年<span lang="EN-US">6</span>月,丁磊创办了网易,推出了<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="20" unitname="m"><span lang="EN-US">20M</span></chmetcnv>的免费个人主页业务。在很短的时间内,便有<span lang="EN-US">2</span>万多人来申请。当时上网的中国人也只有<span lang="EN-US">10</span>万人这么多,很快网易便被<span lang="EN-US">CNNIC</span>评为最佳网站的第一名。<span lang="EN-US">1998</span>年<span lang="EN-US">9</span>月份,网易将它的主页改成网络门户。<span lang="EN-US">2000</span>年6月<span lang="EN-US">30</span>日网易登陆纳斯达克,融资<span lang="EN-US">1</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">亿美金。但当时网络广告不赚钱,丁磊就需要从另外的方面开辟新的商业(盈利)模式。这时候的丁磊,整天都在外边跑,请教了很多人,逐渐发现了短信业务。网易有用户,有邮箱,有免费个人主页,如果每个月从一个用户身上赚一块钱的话,公司就能盈利持平。除了短信业务,丁磊也想到了网络游戏。他花<span lang="EN-US">30</span>万美金买下了国内一家小的网络游戏公司,抽调了公司最优秀的一批员工加入到开发自己的网络游戏当中去。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">2002</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">年6月,网易的《大话西游》诞生。网易游戏用户规模也从最初的<span lang="EN-US">3000</span>人达到了最高规模时的55万人,成为第一家盈利的门户网站,网易的股票价格开始在纳斯达克市场上“芝麻开花节节高”,最高市值每股接近<span lang="EN-US">70</span>美元,丁磊也成为了福布斯<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年的中国首富。网易<span lang="EN-US">2005</span>年全年的收入在三大门户网站中最高,总营业收入为<span lang="EN-US">16</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">944</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">亿元人民币(约合<span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">亿美元),比<span lang="EN-US">2004</span>年增长<span lang="EN-US">76</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">8%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">。盈利<span lang="EN-US">2</span>亿人民币,年增长<span lang="EN-US">120%</span>。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><group id="_x0000_s1026" coordsize="4320,6084" coordorigin="2160,7956" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; Z-INDEX: 1; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 81pt; WIDTH: 3in; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 304.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><group id="_x0000_s1027" coordsize="3960,1716" coordorigin="2160,7956" style="LEFT: 2160px; WIDTH: 3960px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 7956px; HEIGHT: 1716px;"><rect id="_x0000_s1028" strokeweight="1.25pt" style="LEFT: 2160px; 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                                                                                                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">驱</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                                                                        </font></span></p></div></td></tr></tbody></table></textbox></rect><rect id="_x0000_s1035" strokeweight="1.25pt" style="LEFT: 4320px; WIDTH: 1800px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 8580px; HEIGHT: 468px;"><stroke linestyle="thinThin"></stroke><textbox style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1035;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><div><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">率先细分 </span></p></div></td></tr></tbody></table></textbox></rect><rect id="_x0000_s1036" strokeweight="1.25pt" style="LEFT: 4320px; WIDTH: 1800px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 9204px; HEIGHT: 468px;"><stroke linestyle="thinThin"></stroke><textbox style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1036;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; 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mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">新 一 代</span></p></div></td></tr></tbody></table></textbox></rect><rect id="_x0000_s1046" strokeweight="1.25pt" style="LEFT: 2160px; WIDTH: 1440px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 10920px; HEIGHT: 468px;"><stroke linestyle="thinThin"></stroke><textbox style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1046;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><div><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">比超出新</span></p></div></td></tr></tbody></table></textbox></rect><line id="_x0000_s1047" strokeweight="1.25pt" to="3960,11076" from="3600,11076" style="POSITION: absolute;"><stroke linestyle="thinThin"><font size="3"></font></stroke></line><line id="_x0000_s1048" strokeweight="1.25pt" to="3960,12012" from="3960,10140" style="POSITION: absolute;"><stroke linestyle="thinThin"><font size="3"></font></stroke></line><line id="_x0000_s1049" strokeweight="1.25pt" to="4320,10764" from="3960,10764" style="POSITION: absolute;"><stroke linestyle="thinThin"><font size="3"></font></stroke></line><line id="_x0000_s1050" strokeweight="1.25pt" to="4320,11388" from="3960,11388" style="POSITION: absolute;"><stroke linestyle="thinThin"><font size="3"></font></stroke></line><rect id="_x0000_s1051" strokeweight="1.25pt" style="LEFT: 4320px; WIDTH: 1800px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 10452px; HEIGHT: 468px;"><stroke linestyle="thinThin"></stroke><textbox style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1051;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><div><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">品牌领先</span></p></div></td></tr></tbody></table></textbox></rect><rect id="_x0000_s1052" strokeweight="1.25pt" style="LEFT: 4320px; WIDTH: 1800px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 11076px; HEIGHT: 468px;"><stroke linestyle="thinThin"></stroke><textbox style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1052;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">价格领先</span></p></div></td></tr></tbody></table></textbox></rect><line id="_x0000_s1053" strokeweight="1.25pt" to="4320,12012" from="3960,12012" style="POSITION: absolute;"><stroke linestyle="thinThin"><font size="3"></font></stroke></line><rect id="_x0000_s1054" strokeweight="1.25pt" style="LEFT: 4320px; WIDTH: 1800px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 11700px; HEIGHT: 468px;"><stroke linestyle="thinThin"></stroke><textbox style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1054;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><div><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">双</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">  </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">  超</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p></div></td></tr></tbody></table></textbox></rect><rect id="_x0000_s1055" strokeweight="1.25pt" stroked="f" filled="f" style="LEFT: 3600px; WIDTH: 2880px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 13572px; HEIGHT: 468px;"><stroke linestyle="thinThin"></stroke><textbox><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><div><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>三大超值定位<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p></div></td></tr></tbody></table></textbox></rect></group><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><br clear="all" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"/><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、率先细分</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在原有的竞争激烈的市场里,寻找到一个机会性的细分市场,率先推出新产品,从而在这个市场上获得领先优势。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">从细分角度看可分为产品细分、用户细分、档次细分、区域细分等若干细分创新方式。有效的细分创新,能够深入满足与更好地服务一部分顾客的个性化需求,赢得他们的青睐和忠诚。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">戴尔公司将市场细分视为进攻与防御的重要战略,其创始人迈克尔</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">﹒</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">戴尔说:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">面对一个庞大的市场时,只有一个作法:先把市场分散,然后各个击破。大多数的公司以产品为细分单位,我们则是在产品细分之外还加上顾客细分。为了适应成长,我们把顾客细分为大型企业、中型企业、教育机构、ZF组织、小型企业以及一般消费者。细分化,也使得我们能够更有效衡量各营运项目的资产运用。这表示我们可以评估每一个细分市场的投资回报率,并且与其他细分市场做比较,订定日后的绩效目标。不断细分,以进一步掌握所有良机。比如我们发现,在大企业和小公司之间还有一些特殊需求;最近,我们还把美国的教育机构分成中小学与高等教育两个部分,因为它们有不同的产品与服务需求。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">我们每一次把业务进一步细分,便能更深入了解各种顾客群的特别需求,我们的目标,是要做到比顾客更了解他们自己的需求。细分化的作法,解决了戴尔公司自创立以来的困扰:如何在逐渐扩大的同时,还能维持稳定而持续的成长。小公司要快速成长很容易,但大型企业要维持高成长率就比较困难。细分化使公司规划变得更为快速,每当我们确定有足够的特定顾客群时,便会进行细分,赋予它自己的经营团队,并像一个小型公司般独立作业。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在一个行业中,企业进入时间有早有晚,实力有强有弱。企业应根据自己的地位和实力,选择合适的发展战略,建立自己的独特位置,分割细分、侧翼细分、蚕食细分是适合后进者与弱小者的三种进攻战略。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">分割</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在领导者的市场上采取细分创新,以一种新产品把领导者已有的一部分边缘化用户拉走,此种做法即分割战略。采取这种战略的企业须有敏锐的市场嗅觉,能够准确捕捉到领导者的用户中一部分顾客未被满足的需求。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">世纪<span lang="EN-US">90</span>年代中期,旭日升敏锐地捕捉到中国饮料市场消费者的口味变化,凭“旭日升冰茶”在中国饮料业异军突起,到<span lang="EN-US">1998</span>年,旭日升年销售额达到<span lang="EN-US">20</span>亿元人民币。这时,康师傅、统一、可口可乐迅速跟进茶饮料市场。旭日升立即发动反击,凭借对“冰茶”商标拥有权在国家工商总局打赢了官司。统一、康师傅等饮料厂商便另出新招,开发出了冰红茶、冰绿茶、绿茶等各种细分产品,将冰茶市场分割成了几大块。由于这些公司实力更强,品牌投入力度更大,后来在消费者眼中,旭日升的冰茶反倒被架空成了不伦不类的东西。旭日升又因管理、营销不力没有维护好“冰茶”这个品牌,竟然一败涂地。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">侧翼</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">侧翼同分割定位有共同之处,都在使用市场细分方法。它们不同的地方是,侧翼定位关注的是领导者用户市场之外的潜在用户,关注他们不一样的需求,谋划如何将行业现有产品或营销策略进行适当改变以适合这个市场。如娃哈哈的非常可乐,进入远离可口可乐与百事可乐占据的城市市场的乡镇区域,以低价策略和强大的推广攻势,取得了出人意料之外的高增长业绩。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">蚕食</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">一个不愿放弃快速成长的小企业如何实现梦想?如果他(她)们学会整合外部资源(不仅是资金),增强实力,分割或侧翼战略也不失为正确的选择。而蚕食定位,则是适合小企业现状的一种策略。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">小市场细分领先。小企业者寻找领导者和其它比自己强大的竞争者不感兴趣、不作为重点的小市场,并有足够竞争力在这里推出有特色的产品,成为首屈一指的领导者。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">弱势市场领导者。在一个潜力较大的市场,小企业宜避开领导者和其它强势竞争者的强势市场,而进入它们的弱势市场。任何强大企业都难以在每个用户群和每个地理区域保持强势地位。天无绝人之路,小企业也绝不会没有自己称雄之地。小企业只要集中优势兵力,步步为营,去寻找与攻克一个又一个弱势市场,一定能够迅速壮大起来。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、拓边</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">当市场被一个个公司先后运用细分定位划分占据,每个公司的市场便会越来越小。拓边战略,一是市场划分的创新,它突破现有市场细分藩篱,启动新的市场划分标准,重新划定市场内部边界。这种重新划分往往使企业获得大于原有细分边界的市场。二是向现有既定市场概念以外的其它市场拓展。拓边定位常用的有以下几种:一分为二,合二为一,边缘市场结合等。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">一分为二</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">把被老标准细分弄得七零八落的市场,按新标准分为两块,拓边者占一份,把所有竞争者赶到另一边。如“五谷道场”方便面,以非油炸概念重新将方便面品牌分成两类,自己独占</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">一</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">边。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">合二为一</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">打破技术与需求边界,将两种或两种以上的产品巧妙结合为一个产品,向两个市场相关用户推销。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">边缘市场结合</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">发现两个相邻细分市场核心用户之外的一部分边缘用户,将他们未被重视未满足的需求合并为一个市场,以一种新产品满足之。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">小肥羊连续<span lang="EN-US">4</span>年跻身中国餐饮百强企业的第二名,仅次于拥有肯德基、必胜客等著名品牌的百胜(中国)投资有限公司。小肥羊快速成长,与其将西南辣火锅与北方涮羊肉二者边缘市场结合的战略创新分不开。<span lang="EN-US">1999</span>年小肥羊创始人张纲偶然在西南某城市发现了“不蘸小料”的火锅,买了底料配方加以改进。锅底料由当归、枸杞、党参、桂圆等<span lang="EN-US">60</span>多味中药、调料配制,抓住了现代人生活水平提高后渴望食疗、食补的心理需求,附加了产品的文化内涵。小肥羊还最先采用内蒙古锡林郭勒盟乌珠穆沁肥尾羊作为主要原料。这个品种的羊肉“膻”味小,适合食用。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">比超出新</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在同一个市场里面临众多个竞争对手的激烈竞争时,如何去创造领先于对手的显著优势?一般有四种超值优势可供选择,即新一代、品牌领先、价格领先、双超。开创者战略是做市场上没有的东西,比超出新战略则将原有的东西做成新的东西。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">比超优势的特点:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·在同行大多数企业都做得较好的基本点上,不逊色于竞争对手。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·具备较多的增值点,并且在用户核心价值点上拉大差距。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·重新推出、强势推广,如同开创性新产品一样。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·拥有综合优势。如采取差异优势的同时,也具备比较低的成本与比较低的价格。策略:一是采取方法创新,少投入、多办事、办好事。二是进入市场早,在人才、知识、文化、品牌信誉等方面积累优势,可以在这些方面少花钱或通过规模摊薄成本。而价格领先战略,不仅成本低价格低,而且也能够使性能、质量、品牌等差异性方面也具有较强的竞争力。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·建立规模壁垒和品牌壁垒。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、新一代</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在价格上保持与竞争者相近水平,力求在产品的技术、现有性能上创新与增值,显著超出竞争对手。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">蒙牛在产品设计上曾创造性地采取了两项举措:“一净一稠”。“一净”:建起了中国第一个奶车桑拿浴车间。奶罐车从奶源基地每向工厂送完一次奶,都要在高压喷淋设备下进行“三洗”,酸洗一遍,碱洗一遍,开水及蒸气洗一遍,杜绝了陈奶残留污染新奶的可能,最大限度地保持了牛奶的原汁原味。“一稠”:添加了“闪蒸”工艺,在百分之百原奶的基础上又剔除掉一定比例的水分,从而使牛奶闻更香饮更浓。一“净”一“稠”,虽然增加了成本却赢得了巨大的市场。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、品牌领先</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在产品与价格同竞争者相近的情况下,使品牌推广和渠道推广的力度、速度大大超越同行。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1996</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年初,娃哈哈水产品大规模立项之前,中国有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2000</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">余家瓶装水厂,但只有一个全国性品牌,没有一家市场份额超过</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1%</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。娃哈哈纯净水投放市场之初,销量并不好,但不久之后销量迅猛增长,主要原因就是娃哈哈在中央级媒体及各地电视台高密度投放广告(它是首家在中央电视台投放广告的水品牌),几乎淹没了所有其他水品牌的声音,使消费者一提到瓶装水就想到娃哈哈。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、价格领先</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在产品、服务、品牌、渠道不低于主要竞争品牌的情况下,通过成本领先建立显著的低价格优势。它是同档产品的成本与价格竞争策略,而非低档低价方式。如沃尔玛、国美电器、格兰仕都是凭借价格领先战略快速成长起来的。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、双超</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">双超战略即在差异性和成本、价格上均胜过所有竞争对手。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">联想董事长杨元庆在一次演讲中谈到如何击败国外强势对手:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">由于对中国市场不熟悉,国外品牌进入时大多采用总代理的销售方式。这种销售方式的好处是管理简单,而缺陷在于厂家对市场的掌控力较弱,市场开拓的深度和广度完全取决于总代理的意愿和能力。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">联想采取不同的渠道策略,不发展全国性的分销商,而采用省级分销体系。为了迅速建立这张覆盖全国的销售网络,我们砍掉了公司内部的直销人员,让各地的分公司转型做渠道管理,鼓励一部分员工自己办公司,作为我们的区域代理商和其他代理商一起去争夺用户和市场。不到一年时间,我们这张遍布全国、组织严密、激励到位的大网就织成了。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">2004</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">年,我们把全国进一步划分为<span lang="EN-US">108</span>个网络,推行精密分销和专卖店体系。甚至在<span lang="EN-US">2000</span>多个县城的<span lang="EN-US">70%</span>中,都能找到联想的专卖店。这样的渠道广度和深度远远把竞争对手甩在了后面,也是联想成功的根本保证。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">当时联想通过一段时间的摸索,我们总结出独特的“小步快跑”运作方式。就是对<span lang="EN-US">CPU</span>、内存这样价值较高、降价较快的物料,只保存非常少的库存,<span lang="EN-US">1</span>~<span lang="EN-US">2</span>周的用料就可以了,快速周转,以快取胜,价格也随行就市,不订长期合同。全部库存在建立了<span lang="EN-US">ERP</span>系统之后把它降低到了<span lang="EN-US">13</span>天,现在已经控制在<span lang="EN-US">10</span>天以内。这在当时的全球范围来看都是领先的,康柏、<span lang="EN-US">IBM</span>、惠普等大公司的库存周期大约在<span lang="EN-US">70</span>~<span lang="EN-US">90</span>天。这些大公司没有在中国设厂,产品要经过长途运输、报关、一层层的渠道分销,每一步都拉长了其库存周期。这就意味着,我们相对于竞争对手拥有了<span lang="EN-US">10%</span>~<span lang="EN-US">15%</span>的成本优势。当时国际企业并不十分重视中国市场,只是把中国当成清理库存的倾销地,卖的都是国外卖不动、即将淘汰的换代产品。对手的忽视成就了我们的机会。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">这个机会终于在<span lang="EN-US">1996</span>年的<span lang="EN-US">2</span>月份来临了。当时<span lang="EN-US">Intel</span>发布新一代“奔腾”处理器,国外的电脑厂商仍然一如既往地推介<span lang="EN-US">486</span>机型,尽管在国外它已属低端产品,即将淘汰,而新的奔腾机型则定位于高端,价格在<span lang="EN-US">15000</span>~<span lang="EN-US">20000</span>元。我们在预测了<span lang="EN-US">CPU</span>和内存的价格走势后,利用自己老产品库存较少的优势,提前出手,大胆地把奔腾电脑的价格定位在<span lang="EN-US">9999</span>元,发动了“万元奔腾”的营销战役。这一战役的轰动效果可想而知,销量疯长<span lang="EN-US">300%</span>,很多中国人从此知道了联想的名字。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">尝到甜头后,同年,我们又连续三次将更高性能的奔腾电脑定在这个主流价格上进行销售,让那些领先的国外厂商彻底失去了翻盘的机会,这一年联想销售<span lang="EN-US">PC14</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">万台,一举超越了<span lang="EN-US">IBM</span>,康柏,从此一发而不可收。<span lang="EN-US">1997</span>年,联想销售<span lang="EN-US">PC32</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">万台,成为中国市场第一,此后年年夺冠。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">组合优势</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">当原有产品市场竞争激烈,很难开发出新的优势,可将用户价值链上若干相关产品捆绑在一起,形成组合领先优势。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、一得一失组合战略</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">采取使一个产品赚钱另一个产品不赚钱的低价组合,进行捆绑销售。这种组合不是买一送一的促销,是长期性的经营性组合。运用组合优势须在法律上精心设计,规避捆绑销售、不正当竞争的指控。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">利乐公司是国际上最大的软饮包装材料与软饮生产设备制造商。它将这两种产品组合一起向用户销售。如果饮料制造公司长期使用利乐包装材料盒,并达到一个较大购买量以后,它将赠送一套生产设备。在达到之前,利乐将设备租赁给饮料企业,提供一种令饮料企业难以拒绝的融资服务。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、非一得一失组合战略</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">向用户提供一组紧密相关的产品与服务,使用户省时省力省费用。这种方式不打低价牌,而是以提供差异化组合超值取胜。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">北京世纪城的楼盘在房地产业以快速销售著称。它不只是卖房子而是向用户提供一种完善美好的生活方式。购买世纪城房子的住户,在这里可得到发展商构建的全面生活服务,如庞大丰富的商业、娱乐、饮食广场,及与著名大学合办的小学、幼儿园等。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">作者简介:东方赢,企业跨越式发展理论创始人,《跨越式战略》一书作者,北京东方赢(管理)咨询公司首席咨询师,兼北京大学等多家院校客座教授、博士生导师。被评为<span lang="EN-US">2006</span>年中国经济十大新闻人物,中国十大战略专家。<span lang="EN-US">1994</span>年他在《企业管理》杂志上首先提出的“跨越式发展”新观点,现已成为中国经济腾飞的标志性概念。他的理论著作及他广泛的培训推广活动,影响了一大批中国企业走上了快速成长的道路。他曾出任北京新奥特集团、和盛投资集团常务副董事长、总裁,担任蒙牛集团、大北农集团等<span lang="EN-US">30</span>多家行业龙头企业的管理咨询项目首席咨询师,这些公司均取得了快速、稳键成长的骄人业绩。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">东方赢曾在《中国经营报》、《中国企业家》、《经济日报》、《中华工商时报》、《经理人》、《商界》等数十家媒体发表管理与营销类文章近百篇。</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">作者简介:东方赢,企业跨越式发展理论创始人,《跨越式战略》一书作者,北京东方赢(管理)咨询公司首席咨询师,兼北京大学等多家院校客座教授、博士生导师。被评为<span lang="EN-US">2006</span>年中国经济十大新闻人物,中国十大战略专家。<span lang="EN-US">1994</span>年他在《企业管理》杂志上首先提出的“跨越式发展”新观点,现已成为中国经济腾飞的标志性概念。他的理论著作及他广泛的培训推广活动,影响了一大批中国企业走上了快速成长的道路。他曾出任北京新奥特集团、和盛投资集团常务副董事长、总裁,担任蒙牛集团、大北农集团等<span lang="EN-US">30</span>多家行业龙头企业的管理咨询项目首席咨询师,这些公司均取得了快速、稳键成长的骄人业绩。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">东方赢曾在《中国经营报》、《中国企业家》、《经济日报》、《中华工商时报》、《经理人》、《商界》等数十家媒体发表管理与营销类文章近百篇。</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p></span></p>
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