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[其他] [求助]关于随机效应和固定效应的选择问题以及异方差问题 [推广有奖]

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<p>1.问题1:在做HAUSMAN 检验时,结果接受原假设,按通常情况应选择随机效应,但是在做随机效应检验时,结果随机效应不明显,请问最终我应该选择哪一个模型.</p><p>结果如下:. hausman fe re</p><p>Note: the rank of the differenced variance matrix (13) does not equal the number of coefficients<br/>        being tested (14); be sure this is what you expect, or there may be problems computing the<br/>        test.  Examine the output of your estimators for anything unexpected and possibly consider<br/>        scaling your variables so that the coefficients are on a similar scale.</p><p>                 ---- Coefficients ----<br/>             |      (b)          (B)            (b-B)     sqrt(diag(V_b-V_B))<br/>             |       fe           re         Difference          S.E.<br/>-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------<br/>     revenue |   -8.13e-12    -5.15e-12       -2.98e-12        4.85e-12<br/> compitition |    .0029883     .0015715        .0014169        .0010272<br/>         fdi |   -.0007191    -.0019479        .0012288        .0025933<br/>     techgap |   -.0016343    -.0012345       -.0003998        .0009293<br/> newproducts |    .0044084     .0008903        .0035181         .002783<br/>_iinnxnewp~2 |   -.0012093    -.0035233         .002314        .0055937<br/>_iinnxnewp~3 |   -.0093128     .0017929       -.0111058         .008412<br/>_iinnxnewp~4 |    .0060063      .005543        .0004633        .0073138<br/>_iinnxtech~2 |   -.0046144    -.0022538       -.0023606        .0020646<br/>_iinnxtech~3 |    .0020085      .004613       -.0026045        .0025665<br/>_iinnxtech~4 |    .0031592     .0015289        .0016303        .0023775<br/>_Iinnovati~2 |    .0034137     .0020687         .001345        .0017113<br/>_Iinnovati~3 |    .0013863     -.002063        .0034493        .0029152<br/>_Iinnovati~4 |    -.002214    -.0011794       -.0010346        .0012532<br/>------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br/>                           b = consistent under Ho and Ha; obtained from xtreg<br/>            B = inconsistent under Ha, efficient under Ho; obtained from xtreg</p><p>    Test:  Ho:  difference in coefficients not systematic</p><p>                 chi2(13) = (b-B)'[(V_b-V_B)^(-1)](b-B)<br/>                          =       14.69<br/>                Prob>chi2 =      0.3269<br/>                (V_b-V_B is not positive definite)</p><p></p><p>. xttest0</p><p>Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier test for random effects:</p><p>        patent[industry,t] = Xb + u[industry] + e[industry,t]</p><p>        Estimated results:<br/>                         |       Var     sd = sqrt(Var)<br/>                ---------+-----------------------------<br/>                  patent |   1.39e-06       .0011792<br/>                       e |   8.95e-07       .0009461<br/>                       u |   2.12e-07         .00046</p><p>        Test:   Var(u) = 0<br/>                              chi2(1) =     2.77<br/>                          Prob > chi2 =     0.0960</p><p>2.问题2:在考虑PANEL DATA 回归的异方差问题上,固定效应的异方差可以用XTTEST3来检验,随机效应的异方差应怎么检验,</p><p><font face="宋体">  随机效应模型<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">y<sub>it</sub></span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"> = </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">a</span></span></i><sub><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>    </span></sub><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">+ </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">b</span></span></i><sub><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">1 </span></sub><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">x<sub>it </sub></span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">+ </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">e</span></span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><sub><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">it</span></sub></i><sub><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></sub><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></font></p><p><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                       <em><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">e</span></span><sub><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">it</span></sub></em><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"> =<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> u<sub>i</sub></i> +<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> v<sub>t</sub></i> +<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> w<sub>it</sub></i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">     </span></span></span></span></font></p><p><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">这里要检验的是<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><em>e</em></span></span><sub><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><em>it</em></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></sub><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> 还是<em> w<sub>it</sub></em><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">     ?</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></p><p><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">如果要检验的是<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><em>e</em></span></span><sub><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><em>it</em></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  ,是否可以用普通回归然后用WHITEST来检验?</span></span></sub></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></p><p><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><sub><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">谢谢各位:)</span></span></sub></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></p>

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关键词:固定效应 选择问题 随机效应 异方差 coefficients unexpected computing anything possibly problems

沙发
duncan_zheng 发表于 2008-3-6 15:17:00 |只看作者 |坛友微信交流群
难度

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藤椅
xjtuchan 发表于 2008-12-12 17:12:00 |只看作者 |坛友微信交流群

是不是xttest1啊?

但是这个命令只能用于balanced panel data.对于unbalanced panel data就不知道怎么办了~

头大的很!

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板凳
wbzdwss 发表于 2009-1-4 15:25:00 |只看作者 |坛友微信交流群
(a)F统计量比较混合最小二乘法与固定效应模型,原假设为不存在固定效应;(b)BreuschPagan的拉格朗日乘子(LM)检验来比较混合最小二乘法与随机效应模型,原假设为不存在随机效应;(c)Hausman(H)检验来比较固定效应模型与随机效应模型,原假设为随机效应的设定条件得到满足。若(a)(b)中的检验都不显著(即不能拒绝原假设),则选用混合最小二乘法;若(a)(b)中的检验至少有1个显著(即拒绝原假设),则进入检验(c),若不显著,则选用随机效应模型,否则选用固定效应模型。

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报纸
565272151 发表于 2009-1-10 20:13:00 |只看作者 |坛友微信交流群
无论原假设成立与否,FE都是一致的,然而,在原假设成立时,RE比FE更有效。既然p值大于置信值a接受原假设,所以用RE较好。

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地板
teresayou 发表于 2009-1-20 20:47:00 |只看作者 |坛友微信交流群

我的情况是

1. FE 回归结果最后一行如下

   F test that all u_i=0: F(3118, 5764) = 0.92 Prob > F = 0.9945
   因此OLS 优于FE

2. BREUSCH PAGAN LM 检验结果如下


  Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier test for random effects

  consumption_lag[hhid,t] = Xb + u[hhid] + e[hhid,t]

  Estimated results:
  Var     sd = sqrt(Var)
  ---------+-----------------------------
  consump~g    1.42e+07       3770.974
  e     7356042       2712.202
  u     1442900       1201.208

  Test:   Var(u) = 0
  chi2(1) =   375.39
  Prob > chi2 =     0.0000

  因此RE 由于OLS

3. 按4楼的建议进行HAUSMAN 检验, 结果如下

. hausman FE RE

Note: the rank of the differenced variance matrix (4) does not equal the number of
coefficients being tested (5); be sure this is what you expect, or there may be
problems computing the test.  Examine the output of your estimators for anything
unexpected and possibly consider scaling your variables so that the coefficients
are on a similar scale.

---- Coefficients ----
(b)          (B)            (b-B)     sqrt(diag(V_b-V_B))
FE           RE         Difference          S.E.

income_lag     .3848475     .4055527       -.0207053         .003818
income_ins~g     .0661347    -.0134085        .0795432         .008158
insurance_~g    -149.3701    -14.11473       -135.2554        45.22008
hhsize_lag     119.9776     120.7448       -.7671836        15.90935
hhage_lag     7.107392     5.392909        1.714483        2.090247

b = consistent under Ho and Ha; obtained from xtreg
B = inconsistent under Ha, efficient under Ho; obtained from xtreg

Test:  Ho:  difference in coefficients not systematic

chi2(4) = (b-B)'[(V_b-V_B)^(-1)](b-B)
=       96.40
Prob>chi2 =      0.0000

H0 被拒绝, 应选FE.

但这是不是有点矛盾呢. 前两个实验结果显示 OLS 优于FE 以及 RE 优于OLS, 最后我却选了FE

多谢解答!

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7
lupingfan1128 发表于 2009-1-21 02:03:00 |只看作者 |坛友微信交流群

Thank you

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teresayou 发表于 2009-1-22 16:37:00 |只看作者 |坛友微信交流群

希望有人指点, 等待回复中...

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晴蓝天空88 发表于 2010-3-14 16:35:41 |只看作者 |坛友微信交流群
mark,mark,mark,

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tthedanjie 发表于 2012-5-30 18:44:20 |只看作者 |坛友微信交流群
记号。。

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