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What are stem cells?
Stem cells are critical to the development
and functioning of living organisms. In the
early human embryo, stem cells give rise to
the multiple cell types that will later make up
every specialized organ of the body. In adult
tissues, stem cells generate replacements for
cells that are lost through normal wear and
tear.
The key characteristic of stem cells, distinct from all other cells, is their ability to both
differentiate (i.e. develop into other cell types) and self-regenerate (i.e. produce more
stem cells). It is this unique dual ability of stem cells which explains why they are the
target of intensive research.
Figure 1 demonstrates stem cell division and differentiation. Early on in embryonic
development, stem cells divide symmetrically, that is, into identical daughter cells of
equal potential. Later in development, stem cells divide asymmetrically and give rise
to two different daughter cells: one retains the same stem cell characteristics as its
parent, and the other is more specialized, destined to develop into tissue-specific
cells.
Contents
Introduction 4
What are stem cells? 5
Embryonic vs. adult stem cells 8
The ethical debate 10
Other avenues of research 12
Therapeutic applications 14
The Sector Today 16
ReNeuron 19
Overview 20
Key value driver 20
Key risks 20
Valuation 21
Financial Forecasts 22
Stem Cell Sciences 27
Overview 28
Key value drivers 28
Key risks 28
Valuation 29
Financial forecasts 30
Epistem Holdings 35
Overview 36
Value Drivers 36
Key risks 37
Valuation 37
Financial Forecasts 38
Disclosure Checklist 42
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