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英文文献：Agriculture in a Water-Scarce World-农业在一个缺水的世界
英文文献作者：Gilmour, Brad,Jotanovic, Aleksandar,Gurung, Rajendra Kumar,Polcyn, Tania,Deng, Hugh
英文文献摘要：
With a relatively small population and 7% of the world's available freshwater resources, Canada is well placed for a world of water scarcity where the real value of water in its many uses becomes more and more apparent. However, action is necessary to ensure that Canada continues to benefit from the social, economic and environmental goods and services derived from water resources. Experience and analysis suggests that policy and incentives play critical roles in the sustainable exploitation of natural resources. In particular, properly valuing water in all its forms and uses appears to be critical. Analysis abroad has underlined the benefits of clearly delineating the roles of regulators, resource managers, infrastructure operators and service providers. The separation of water property rights and use rights from land title issues has also been found to improve incentives and resource governance. Approaches which build in rewards for non-market benefits and penalties for negative spill-overs have achieved success. To better prepare for the future, Canada' s water governance institutions need to explore means of improving our own water allocation and incentive systems. Experts in the field have already identified several areas where effort is warranted: plant breeding to deal with water scarcity and changing climate in areas of stress; understanding and better protecting natural capital and ecosystems that will become scarcer in future; inter-agency collaboration to ensure coordinated engagement on water with U.S, and; undertaking more comprehensive bio-economic modeling and analysis to better anticipate water stresses at home and abroad.
加拿大人口相对较少，淡水资源占世界可用淡水资源的7%，在水资源短缺的世界中处于有利位置，水在其多种用途中的真正价值变得越来越明显。但是，必须采取行动确保加拿大继续受益于从水资源获得的社会、经济和环境产品和服务。经验和分析表明，政策和奖励办法在可持续开发自然资源方面发挥关键作用。特别是，适当评价水的所有形式和用途似乎是至关重要的。国外的分析强调了明确界定监管机构、资源管理机构、基础设施运营商和服务提供商角色的好处。将水产权和使用权从土地所有权问题中分离出来，也可以改善激励机制和资源治理。对非市场利益进行奖励和对负面溢出进行惩罚的方法取得了成功。为了更好地为未来做准备，加拿大的水管理机构需要探索改进我们自己的水分配和激励制度的方法。该领域的专家已经确定了需要努力的几个领域:植物育种以应对缺水地区和气候变化;理解和更好地保护未来将变得更加稀缺的自然资本和生态系统;跨机构合作，以确保与美国在水资源问题上的协调参与;进行更全面的生物经济建模和分析，更好地预测国内外的水资源压力。
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