【latex版】水贴

Notes for the UC Berkeley Dept of Bioengineering graduate class BioE241,
"Probabilistic Modeling in Computational Biology".
Instructor: Ian Holmes.

R allows you to create different plot types, ranging from the basic graph types like density plots, dot plots, bar charts, line charts, pie charts, boxplots and scatter plots, to the more statistically complex types of graphs such as probability plots, mosaic plots and correlograms.

In addition, R is pretty known for its data visualization capabilities: it allows you to go from producing basic graphs with little customization to plotting advanced graphs with full-blown customization in combination with interactive graphics. Nevertheless, not always do we get the results that we want for our R plots: Stack Overflow is flooded with our questions on plots, with many recurring questions.

1. How To Draw An Empty R Plot?
How To Open A New Plot Frame
You can open an empty plot frame and activate the graphics device in R as follows:

plot.new() # or frame()

Note that the plot.new() and frame() functions define a new plot frame without it having any axes, labels, or outlining. It indicates that a new plot is to be made: a new graphics window will open if you don’t have one open yet, otherwise the existing window is prepared to hold the new plot. You can read up on these functions here.

x11() can also opens a new windows device in R for the X Window System (version 11)!
quartz() starts a graphics device driver for the OS X System.
windows() starts a new graphics device for Windows.
How To Set Up The Measurements Of The Graphics Window
You can also use the plot.window() function to set the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the empty plot you just made:

pWidth = 3
pHeight = 2
plot.window(c(0,pWidth),
            c(0,pHeight))

不要查少林方丈或者CEO私生子问题，上一次，远山大师执意纠结，费尽30年，查清了真相，但结果呢？是一场武林大劫，武林三奇人之二萧峰和虚竹子为此殒命，段誉孤悬大理，而中原和邻国无数生灵为之被涂炭，武林圣地少林清誉全毁，武当掌门心灰意懒，姑苏慕容一枝不复存在，丐帮元气大伤。慎之，慎之啊。

证监会在开始举行最新一次新闻发布会时，向多数为国内记者参加的媒体发出明确指示。“我们对推测性报道是有规定的，”证监会表示，为了防止不实信息的扩散和市场动荡，它们首先必须要与证监会核实。这番警告提醒人们，在基本上由国有实体组成的“国家队”正努力提振中国不断下跌的股市之际，中国ZF正组织同样重要的包括大量国有媒体机构的“拉拉队”。

因根据有关规定，消费者个人无法到食品药品监管部门送检，2015年1月19日，李海峰在网上找到两家第三方检测机构共花费4500元对方便面醋包进行检测，检测报告显示醋包内汞含量超标4.6倍（GB2762-2012）。

IMF官员30日表示，除非希腊与其他欧盟国家ZF达成协议偿还债务，否则不会参加新一轮救助希腊债务危机的行动。分析称，IMF可能认为，目前欧盟与希腊达成的协议不足以使希腊ZF的借贷有持续性。不过，这并不表明IMF不会在以后加入救援，条件是欧元区和希腊采取行动，化解了国际货币基金组织的担心。

一个被拐卖妇女新闻事件闹了三天，出来道歉的是女演员，出来发声的是被拐卖妇女，为她代笔的是她女儿。人贩子，买主，镇ZF，村主任没一个出来认罪的，然后新闻又开始一遍歌功颂德。