版主he_zr说“印第安人跟动物没多大区别”

xiaosyu 发表于 2017-12-3 21:14
好欢乐的帖子

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2092258/Native-Americans-actually-came-tiny-mountain-region-Russia-DNA-research-reveals.html

DNA测试结果显示，印第安人的血缘来自俄罗斯中部的一个小部落，印第安人是蒙古人种的后裔，估计几万年前从俄罗斯白令海峡走到了美洲大陆，同中国人一样，印第安人同属于蒙古人种。

印第安人长相确实也同西藏人、蒙古人很类似，那个小部落紧挨着今天的蒙古边境

Native Americans actually came from a tiny mountain region in Siberia, DNA research reveals
Tiny region in central Russia has DNA link to native Americans today
Ancestors thought to have walked across ice 13,000 years ago
Altai is 'key place', because central location means ancient peoples passed through
By Rob Waugh
UPDATED: 23:21 GMT, 26 January 2012
   

Altai in southern Siberia sits right at the centre of Russia. But the tiny, mountainous republic has a claim to fame unknown until now - Native Americans can trace their origins to the remote region.
DNA research revealed that genetic markers linking people living in the Russian republic of Altai, southern Siberia, with indigenous populations in North America.
A study of the mutations indicated a lineage shift between 13,000 and 14,000 years ago - when people are thought to have walked across the ice from Russia to America.
Altai in Siberia: A study of genetic markers in DNA showed that the lineage of Native Americans changed around 13-14,000 years ago - when people are thought to have walked across the Bering Strait
Altai in Siberia: A study of genetic markers in DNA showed that the lineage of Native Americans changed around 13-14,000 years ago - when people are thought to have walked across the Bering Strait
This roughly coincides with the period when humans from Siberia are thought to have crossed what is now the Bering strait and entered America.
'Altai is a key area because it's a place where people have been coming and going for thousands and thousands of years,' said Dr Theodore Schurr, from the University of Pennsylvania in the US.
Among the people who may have emerged from the Altai region are the predecessors of the first Native Americans.
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Roughly 20-25,000 years ago, these prehistoric humans carried their Asian genetic lineages up into the far reaches of Siberia and eventually across the then-exposed Bering land mass into the Americas.
'Our goal in working in this area was to better define what those founding lineages or sister lineages are to Native American populations,' Schurr said.
The region lies at the intersection of what is now Russia, Mongolia, China and Kazakhstan.
An engraving of early native Americans from the 1500s: DNA research hints that their ancestors came from one tiny region in central Russia
An engraving of early native Americans from the 1500s: DNA research hints that their ancestors came from one tiny region in central Russia
Dr Schurr's team checked Altai DNA samples for markers in mitochondrial DNA which is always passed on by mothers, and Y chromosome DNA which sons inherit from their fathers.
Because of the large number of gene markers examined, the findings have a high degree of precision.
'At this level of resolution we can see the connections more clearly,' Schurr said.
Looking at the Y chromosome DNA, the researchers found a unique mutation shared by Native Americans and southern Altaians in the lineage known as Q.
Mitochondrial DNA is found in tiny rod-like 'powerplants' in cells that generate energy.
Both kinds of DNA showed links between Altaians and Native Americans.
Locator map for Altai

In the Y chromosome DNA, the researchers found a unique mutation shared by Native Americans and people from southern Altai.
The findings are published today in the American Journal of Human Genetics.
Calculating how long the mutations they noted took to arise, Schurr's team estimated that the southern Altaian lineage diverged genetically from the Native American lineage 13,000 to 14,000 years ago, a timing scenario that aligns with the idea of people moving into the Americas from Siberia between 15,000 and 20,000 years ago.
Though it's possible, even likely, that more than one wave of people crossed the land bridge, Schurr said that other researchers have not yet been able to identify another similar geographic focal point from which Native Americans can trace their heritage.
'It may change with more data from other groups, but, so far, even with intensive work in Mongolia, they're not seeing the same things that we are,' he said.
In addition to elucidating the Asia-America connection, the study confirms that the modern cultural divide between southern and northern Altaians has ancient genetic roots


Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2092258/Native-Americans-actually-came-tiny-mountain-region-Russia-DNA-research-reveals.html#ixzz50CrvtBok

xiaosyu 发表于 2017-12-3 21:19
托克骗子当年去美国是研究当地的司法体系，因为法国内政动荡，他没办法再在国内继续向律师职业方向努力，职 ...

不知是你的眼睛问题，还是你的英文问题，或立场问题，把一些重要细节给漏掉了。

人家说他在美国共花了nine months，这nine months对一个出国人员来说还叫短吗？returned with a wealth of broader observations，带回了极为丰富的观察。 With its trenchant observations，这个观察可不是简单的观察，而是鞭辟入里。他的著作remains a valuable explanation of America to Europeans and of Americans to themselves，他对美欧和美国人自身留下了有很有价值的解释。remains widely read and even more widely quoted by politicians, philosophers, historians and anyone seeking to understand the American character.他的著作受到政治家，哲学家，历史学家，以及想了解美国特点的人的广泛阅读和引用。

如此一个身体力行的历史学家，做了如此的观察，受到如此广泛的引用，在你心目中却成了一个什么“骗子”，你还推测人家什么交往交谈的时间不长，我看这个骗子角色要跟你倒过来交换才物归原主，才名副其实。

xiaosyu 发表于 2017-12-3 21:30
Selkirk settlers ，也叫红河殖民地Red River Colony， 是苏格兰贵族Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk资 ...

可见，双方对土地开始是自由交换的，后来发生了贸易纠纷才引发双方武力争夺，这能指责某方单方吗？

此外，效忠英法ZF的群体叫“殖民军”，争取美国独立的群体叫“解放军”，这恐怕更贴切些。可见，当时的印第安人屁股坐在谁一边，谁在“为虎作伥”，对“为虎作伥”者予以消灭，这还能叫“屠杀”吗？

太搞笑了

9个月时间（大多数时间用于坐车坐船和睡觉吃饭），访问了一个国家有限的城市村庄之类，就可以了解一个外国历史，用了一周时间和某个监狱所有囚犯交流，就可以了解印第安文化了。

他们回去立即就发布了对美国监狱系统研究的论文，说明主要研究的就是法律体系，观察的也是法律体系。

5年以后，这个骗子闭门造车自己关在家里研究就可以发布对印第安文化的论断了？？？？

he_zr 发表于 2017-12-3 22:49
可见，双方对土地开始是自由交换的，后来发生了贸易纠纷才引发双方武力争夺，这能指责某方单方吗？

此 ...

你竟然不知道HUDSON BAY的由来？？？？？？？？
The company was incorporated by English royal charter in 1670 as The Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay and functioned as the de facto government in parts of North America before European states and later the United States laid claim to some of those territories.[9] It was once the world's largest landowner, with the area of the Hudson Bay watershed, known as Rupert's Land, having 15% of North American acreage.

xiaosyu 发表于 2017-12-3 22:53
太搞笑了

9个月时间（大多数时间用于坐车坐船和睡觉吃饭），访问了一个国家有限的 ...

别在这里主观臆断了，他与什么人交谈，多还是少，了解了什么内情，另外的历史学家已经做了评述，而你除了用指头掐算时间，还屁股决定脑袋，就声称人家什么“骗子闭门造车”。不说别的，人家那9个月的时间亲身力为，实地考察，也叫“闭门”吗？而你做了什么，除了在这里坐而论道，主观臆测，谁更像骗子？

xiaosyu 发表于 2017-12-3 22:53
太搞笑了

9个月时间（大多数时间用于坐车坐船和睡觉吃饭），访问了一个国家有限的 ...