20190128【充实计划】第965期

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《思想的力量：哲学导论》

329. 在反表象主义看来，“信念是真实世界的表象”没有任何实质内容，他们认为，真理并不在于信念与意识之外的“实际”事实状态的符合，不在于前者对后者的确切表象。当我们把一个信念描述为真时，我们的意思仅仅是，这个信念在我们的理性标准内得到了确证。

330. 在罗蒂的反表象主义当中，有许多主题是实用主义哲学预先提及过的。有许多实用主义的思想被融入了分析哲学传统，这要归功于蒯因、希拉里-普特南等当代美国分析哲学家的工作。其中罗蒂尤其突出，他至少在一开始是一位分析哲学家。

维特根斯坦的转变
维特根斯坦是20世纪最重要的哲学家。他的哲学可以分为两个阶段，分别都对他的同时代人有着深远影响。
第二阶段，即《哲学研究》（1953）中的哲学，在很大程度上拒斥了第一阶段表述于《逻辑哲学论》（1921）中的核心思想。这种现象在哲学史上很独特，不过倒也不是唯一的，也有别的哲学家曾拒斥自己早年的立场。

331.  《逻辑哲学论》所主张的是一种单一的、本质性的关系；而《哲学研究》则否定了这一设想。
他在早期著作的末尾所包含的悖论就是最好的实例。他被某种关于语言如何与世界相联系的理论迷住了，而他关于这一问题所作的讨论是用语言来表达的。这就让维特根斯坦陷于悖论般的境地。

登上高处后他必须把梯子扔掉。后期的他，正是这样，把《逻辑哲学论》完全扔掉了。

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Blockchain:
10.
Some of the industry verticals using blockchain are as follows:
    Cryptocurrency: Bitcoin is the prime example of this. Apart from this, there are various alternative cryptocurrencies, such as Ethereum, Litecoin, Peercoin, and so on.
    Cybersecurity: There are various companies and projects harnessing the distributed nature of blockchain to create special authentication protocols for mass usage.
    Healthcare: Scalability is one of the best catalysts of blockchain; a lot of projects are securely storing data and using analytics to come to the perfect solution. Providing decentralized patient records and authentication is already being used at various facilities.
    Financial services: A lot of insurance and financial institutions are using blockchain to maintain the vast bank data, such as financial records, ledgers, guarantees, bonds, and so on.
    Manufacturing: Supply chain, prototyping and proof-of-concept, along with the tracking and tracing of goods is utilizing blockchain at the best efficiency.
    Governance: A lot of governments are racing toward becoming the world's first blockchain-powered state. Blockchains are being used across most government departments and not restricted only to public safety, transport, health, and shipping.
    Retail: A lot of startups and projects are aiming to introduce open no-middle man-based ecosystems; some are working on loyalty systems and blockchain -derived gift card systems.
    Media: Record labels can use blockchains to keep their ownership network and intellectual property rights secure.
    Travel: Projects are being worked on to introduce and revolutionize vehicle leasing, ride sharing, and other travel-related queries.
    Legal: Blockchain can bring transparency and solve the scaling issues in the ever-complex legal systems that are in place.

    Furthermore, we will be discussing various other elements of blockchain and what other problems blockchain can solve.
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Django: wagtail....a good framework...……—
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vertical ['vә:tikl]
a. 垂直的, 直立的
【医】 垂直的, 顶的, 头顶的
相关词组:
  out of the vertical

industry vertical 产业垂直
（这样理解对吗？？？）

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阅读2小时-O Done.  完成

Chapter 2: introduction to financial Statement Analysis
Reflection: Asset, current asset, marketable security, account receivable, inventories, long-term assets, depreciation, book value, goodwill, amortization, current liability, accounts payable, net working capital = current assets – current liability; capital lease, deferred taxes, DTA&DTL, equity, book value of equity, market capitalization, PPE, ( propriety, plant and equipment),market-to-book ratio( price-to-book (P/B) ratio equals to market value of equity divided by book value of equity. Analysts often classify firms with low market-to-book ratio as value stocks and these with high market-to-book ratios as growth stocks. A firm’s leverage or the extent to which it relies on debt as a source of financing. The debt ratio is a common ratio used to assess a firm’s leverage.  Debt-equity ratio =total debt/total equity. Enterprise value = market value of equity+ debt-cash. Gross profit , operating expense,  EBIT, pretax and net income, from EBIT, we deduct the interest expense related to outstanding debt to compute Global’s pretax income, and then we deduct corporate taxes to determine the firm’s net income. Earning per share = net income / shares outstanding. The convertible bonds. The number of shares may also grow if the firms issues convertible bonds, a form of debt that can be converted to shares.  Retained earing = net profit – dividends.  Gross margin= gross profit/sales; operating margin= operating income/sales, net profit margin= net income/sales; current ratio= current asses/current liability.  

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