20190131【充实计划】第968期

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充实每一天 发表于 2019-1-31 05:21
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1、昨日2小时，总计71小时；2、阅读《时代的稻草人》、《南方周末》、杂志外刊、复习cpa。
3、【单词】
That enthusiasm deficit has implications well beyond the easily parodied world of the Davos conference.
<词汇>
enthusiasm n.热情，热忱;热衷的事物;宗教的狂热
（The lack of enthusiasm for unification among most West Germans fills him with disappointment.）
implication n.含义;含蓄，含意，言外之意;卷入，牵连，牵涉，纠缠;[逻辑学]蕴涵，蕴含
(The implication was obvious: vote for us or it will be very embarrassing for you.)

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《思想的力量：哲学导论》

336. 哲学上的行为主义的大致纲要：
1）不存在非物理性的心灵这种东西；
2）精神的事物词并不真正指称任何事物；
3）关于人的精神状态的陈述无法被确切地翻译为关于人的行为和行为倾向的陈述，因前者所涉及行为和行为倾向是不确定的、保持开放的，它取决于当事人所处的具体情境。

337. 二元论所遭遇到的另一问题，行为主义给出了漂亮的解答：脑科学家和神经科学家在解释人类行为的起因和源头时，根本无须假定非物理性精神状态的存在，因为行为主义者认为这种东西根本不存在。

338. 同一性原理（identity theory）：一种物理主义的心灵哲学，认为所谓的精神现象都是发生在大脑和中枢神经系统中的物理现象。一个思想，其实就是发生在其中的某些事件。
它认为，思想就是神经过程。正如光就是电磁辐射，热就是分子运动一样，思想和其他一切精神现象都是大脑和中枢神经系统中的物理状态和物理事件。
初学哲学的人有时候不容易看出行为主义和同一性理论的差别，主要由于如下两个原因造成的：
1）两者都是物理主义（唯物主义）理论，都认为所有人全都是彻头彻尾的物理机体，都不承认非物质性或非物理性的灵魂、精神或心灵的存在，都不认为精神状态的事物词可以指称非物质性或非物理性的事物。
2）很少有理论家是纯粹的行为主义者或同一性理论者。
然这两种理论不应该被混淆。
同一性理论主张精神状态是大脑状态。即讲一个人的信念、思想、希望、观点时，实际上说的是他的大脑和神经系统中所发生的事件、过程和状态。
而哲学上的行为主义主张，当我们用日常的心理学词汇描述某人时，我们实际上是在以方便的方式谈论他的行为倾向。

339. 功能主义：对同一性理论的观点提出质疑，即能和一种特定的精神状态或过程相等同的，必定仅限于一种特定的大脑状态或过程。但这种情况也是可能得：几个全然不同的生理系统也能拥有一致的心理（精神）状态。
功能主义（Functionalism）认为，精神状态是由它的功能来定义的。任何具有那种功能的物理过程（无论它发生在怎样的机体或物理系统中）都是那样的信念。
信念之类的东西是根据其功能被定义的；所谓功能，就是它们在与行为及其他精神状态的相互作用中所扮演的角色。

===========================
Blockchain：
13.
    Addresses
    Addresses are unique identifiers that are used in a transaction on the blockchain to send data to another address; in the case of Bitcoins, addresses are identifiers that are used to send or receive Bitcoins. Bitcoin blockchain addresses have evolved from time to time. Originally, IP addresses were used as the Bitcoin address, but this method was prone to serious security flaws; hence, it was decided to use P2PKH as a standard format. A P2PKH address consists of 34 characters, and its first character is integer 1. In literal terms, P2PKH means Pay to Public Key Has. This is an example of a Bitcoin address based on P2PKH: 1PNjry6F8p7eaKjjUEJiLuCzabRyGeJXxg.
    Now, there is another advanced Bitcoin protocol to create a P2SH address, which means Pay to Script Hash. One major difference with a P2SH address is that it always starts with integer 3 instead of 1.

    Wallets
    A wallet is a digital wallet used to store public or private keys along with addresses for transaction. There are various types of wallets available, each one offering a certain level of security and privacy.
    Here is a list of the various types of wallets, based on their functions:
    Software: This wallet is installed on the actual computer; the private key access is with the owner of the machine on which the wallet's
    software is installed.
    Web Wallets: These wallets are based on the cloud and can be accessed anywhere. The private keys are shared with the wallet service.
    Paper Wallets: The private keys of this wallet are printed on paper.
    Hardware: These are physical wallets and are small and portable in nature. The private keys are with the hardware users of each wallet.
    It is important to understand the functioning and the need for various wallets along with the requirement for each.

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Django：6 pages

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deviation
*[,di:vi'eiʃәn]
n. 背离
【化】 偏差; 误差; 偏斜
【医】 偏差, 偏斜, 偏向
【经】 (统计上的)误差, 偏差
n
  1 [U and C] a noticeable difference from what is expected or acceptable:  deviation from//  --There must be no deviation from the normal procedure.//
  2 [C]  technical the difference between a number or measurement in a  set and the average of all the numbers or measurements in that set:    standard deviation//

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