发布时间：2014-10-21 来源：人大经济论坛

老年痴呆分期护理的临床效果评估 摘　要 研究背景： 随着社会老龄人口的增加，世界各国老年痴呆的发病率逐年增加的趋势。流行病学调查表明：65岁以上老年痴呆患病率为3%—8%，80岁以上增加到30%或更高。权威调查显示，目前我国痴呆病人已超过600万人。预测到2025年将增加至1009万人。老年痴呆平均生存期为5.5年该病已成为现代社会老年人的主要致死疾病之一。老年痴呆因起病隐匿，治疗效果差，严重危害老年人的心身健康，不仅给社会和家庭带来了巨大的经济负担，还会给家属和直接照料者带来严重的身心压力，如何认识、预防老年痴呆的发生，实现对老年痴呆患者的日常生活护理、记忆障碍护理、行为异常的预防及护理、心理护理，是关系老年痴呆患者治疗成败的重要因素。 目的： 认识老年痴呆的临床特征，掌握预防老年痴呆的关键时机与方法，完善老年痴呆患者的护理对策与方法，以达到降低老年痴呆的发病率，延缓发病进程，提高老年痴呆患者的生活质量。 方法： 对76例老年痴呆住院患者，按其病情不同分期分为三组，按护理的侧重点，分别进行不同的护理，并设对照组，共55名患者，以普通的护理为主，分别用老年痴呆生活质量量表，日常生活自理能力量表以评估其病情变化，来探讨护理的方法的可行性。 结果： 通过一年的观察，并与对照组对比，发现老年痴呆症患者在不同的病情阶段采取适当的和个体化的护理措施，可以延缓病情的发展，可以提高病人的生活质量。 结论： 目前老年痴呆尚无特效药物治疗，预防性护理措施是延缓老年痴呆的发生，发展，减轻疾病发作和恶化的唯一的有效手段。在护理上应根据病人的病情采取不同的护理措施，不同的护理侧重点，可以有效的延缓该病的进展，从而提高病人的生活质量，延长病人的生存周期。 关 键 词：老年痴呆；分期； 护理； 评估 论文类型：研究报告 Stages of dementia care in clinical evaluation ABSTRACT Backgrounds: As social aging population increases, the world the incidence of dementia increased year by year trend. Epidemiological survey showed that: 65 years old Alzheimer's prevalence rate of 3% -8%, over the age of 80 to 30% or higher. Authoritative survey shows that China's current dementia patients have been more than 6 million people. Projected to 2025 will increase to 10.09 million people. The average survival time of Alzheimer's disease 5.5 years old has become a modern society, one of the major killer diseases. Hidden due to onset Alzheimer's, treatment is poor, seriously endanger the physical and psychological health of the elderly, not only to the society and the family has brought enormous economic burden, but also to the families and caregivers directly result in serious physical and psychological pressure, How to understand, prevent the occurrence of senile dementia and realize the daily life of patients with Alzheimer's care, memory impairment care, abnormal behavior prevention and care, psychological care, the relationship between Alzheimer's patient is an important factor in the success or failure. Objectives: To know that the senile dementia the clinical characteristic, grasps the prevention senile dementia the essential opportunity and the method, the perfect senile dementia patient's nursing countermeasure and the method, achieves reduces the senile dementia the disease incidence rate, delays the morbidity advancement, improves the senile dementia patient's quality of life. Methods： Of 76 cases of senile dementia inpatients, according to their condition at different stages divided into three groups, according to the focus of care were carried out in different care, and let the control group, a total of 55 patients, consisting mainly of ordinary care, respectively Alzheimer's Quality of Life Scale, daily self-care ability scale for evaluation of their condition changes, to explore the feasibility of the method of care. Results： A year of observation, compared with the control group and found that Alzheimer's disease patients at different stages of the condition of appropriate and individualized nursing interventions can delay the disease progresses, patients can improve quality of life. Conclusions： At present there is no effect of drug treatment of Alzheimer's disease, preventive care measures are delay the occurrence of dementia, development, and reduce the onset and deterioration of the disease the only effective means. In care should be based on the patient's condition to take care of different measures, different care focus, can effectively slow down the progress of the disease, thereby enhancing the quality of life of patients and prolong the patient's life cycle. Keywords：Alzheimer，Stages，Nursing ，Assessment Paper Type: Research report 目 录 1绪论…………………………………………………………………………………………2 1.1背景及意义…………………………………………………………………………2 1.2研究目的及目标.……………………………………………………………………2 1.3关键词及定义..………………………………………………………………………2 1.4文献回顾……………………………………………………………………………..3 1.4.1老年痴呆的发病病因…………………………………………………….…..3 1.4.2临床特点及发病过程…………………………………………………………3 1.4.3老年痴呆的预防保健…………………………………………………………4 1.4.4老年痴呆的护理………………………………………………………………4 2研究设计……………………………………………………………………………………5 2.1研究对象5 2.2一般资料5 2.3研究方法5 2.4研究步骤…………………………………………………….………………………5 3.研究结果……………………………………………………………………………………9 3.1研究对象一般情况9 3.2住院六个月病情变化情况………………………………………………………….9 3.3住院一年病情变化情况………………………………….…………………………9 4讨论11 4.1研究结论11 4.2研究过程11 4.3研究中存在的问题……………………………………………………………...…11 5推论及建议13 5.1推论13 5.2建议13 致 谢15 参考文献17