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Gordon Tullock, ÑÇÀûÉ£ÄÇ´óѧ½ÌÊÚ
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The Welfare Cost of Tariffs, Monopolies and Theft, 1967, Western EJ,
Anne Krueger, Ô¼º².»ôÆÕ½ð˹´óѧ¹ú¼Ê¾¼Ãѧ½ÌÊÚ
1974ÄêÔÚARE·¢±íÔ´´ÂÛÎÄ£¬Ê×´ÎÌá³öÑ°×â¸ÅÄî¡£
The Political Economics of the Rent-seeking Sociaty,
AER, Vol. 64, 1974, p291
Bhagwati, Jagdish, ¸çÂ×±ÈÑÇ´óѧ½ÌÊÚ
1982ÄêÔÚJPE·¢±í¡°DUP¡±Ô´´ÂÛÎÄ£¬ ½øÒ»²½ÍêÉÆÑ°×âÀíÂÛ£¬Ìá³öDUP¸ÅÄ ¼´Ö±½ÓµÄ·ÇÉú²úÐÔÑ°Àû»î¶¯¡£
Directly unproductive, profit-seeking (DUP) activities,
JPE, 1982, p889