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Let $y_{i}$ be a $(1 \times T)$ matrix containing a single endogenous variable from $Y$ for $i = 1, 2, ..., n$. Let $x_{i}$ be an $((L+1) \times T)$ matrix of $L$ lags of $y_{i}$ and a constant for $i = 1, 2, ..., n$. $\phi_{i}$ is a $(1 \times (L+1))$ matrix containing the lagged coefficients from the reduced form univariate Autoregression (AR) model for $i = 1, 2, ..., n$. $e_{i}$ is a $(1 \times T)$ matrix of the residuals from the univariate AR model for $i = 1, 2, ..., n$. $e$ is an $(n \times T)$ matrix of residuals from the univariate AR models. $\Sigma$ is an $(n \times n)$ symmetric covariance matrix of the residuals from the univariate AR models. $\Sigma_{i}$ is the $(i,i)$ element of $\Sigma$ for $i = 1, 2, ..., n$.
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