世行的文献,里面包含计算The Concentration Index的理论以及STATA程序The Concentration Index
Concentration curves can be used to identify whether socioeconomic inequality in
some health sector variable exists and whether it is more pronounced at one point
in time than another or in one country than another. But a concentration curve does
not give a measure of the magnitude of inequality that can be compared conveniently
across many time periods, countries, regions, or whatever may be chosen
for comparison. The concentration index (Kakwani 1977, 1980), which is directly
related to the concentration curve, does quantify the degree of socioeconomicrelated
inequality in a health variable (Kakwani, Wagstaff, and van Doorslaer 1997;
Wagstaff, van Doorslaer, and Paci 1989). It has been used, for example, to measure
and to compare the degree of socioeconomic-related inequality in child mortality
(Wagstaff 2000), child immunization (Gwatkin et al. 2003), child malnutrition
(Wagstaff, van Doorslaer, and Watanabe 2003), adult health (van Doorslaer et al.
1997), health subsidies (O’Donnell et al. 2007), and health care utilization (van
Doorslaer et al. 2006). Many other applications are possible.
In this chapter we defi ne the concentration index, comment on its properties,
and identify the required measurement properties of health sector variables to
which it can be applied. We also describe how to compute the concentration index
and how to obtain a standard error for it, both for grouped data and for microdata.
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